tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-112099932024-03-05T02:44:46.751-08:00Bits and bobsisabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.comBlogger136125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-61973874212776824032013-10-13T08:27:00.000-07:002013-10-13T08:27:31.295-07:00Napoleon's fascinating cartoonsThese cartoons are the political satire of its time, as clever and punchy as the TV panel shows that do the same job today.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHOjGskfmXItkRNirrmywLnu_NZB3xHfwZWcj8RPB0E4NYmbWveW4VCx-i5X2Nw7pwBaiiFrJ5XaPqMI3CZWs1CK-khBnbEbynFdoufz47RjDpSLr26rv0sPP4qcb3ebIubVmE/s1600/plumb+pudding+in+danger+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHOjGskfmXItkRNirrmywLnu_NZB3xHfwZWcj8RPB0E4NYmbWveW4VCx-i5X2Nw7pwBaiiFrJ5XaPqMI3CZWs1CK-khBnbEbynFdoufz47RjDpSLr26rv0sPP4qcb3ebIubVmE/s320/plumb+pudding+in+danger+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Plumb-pudding in danger". James Gillray. 1805</td></tr>
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<strong>"The Plumb-pudding in danger".</strong><br />
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William Pitt, wearing a regimental uniform and hat, is sitting at a table with Napoleon. They are each carving a large plum pudding on which is a map of the world. Pitt's slice is considerably larger than Napoleon's. The new emperor and his opponent the English Minister, are helping themselves. One taking the land, the other the sea. The cartoon comments the propositions made by the new emperor for a reconcialiation with England in January of 1805.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcwYmhRa_LQSAeOd8rCgrspnZSId4DzZk2MtLYL_lPVX9GGrLksaeexYDiuKh9u2KujC01Ru_5Lp0d7WhTopkZd1R1zwbmKneSYWBD7Uoz6jwiFEI8Qep9NmmhEsGez__iQF6R/s1600/Boney+at+Bayonne+blowing+a+Spanish+bubble+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcwYmhRa_LQSAeOd8rCgrspnZSId4DzZk2MtLYL_lPVX9GGrLksaeexYDiuKh9u2KujC01Ru_5Lp0d7WhTopkZd1R1zwbmKneSYWBD7Uoz6jwiFEI8Qep9NmmhEsGez__iQF6R/s320/Boney+at+Bayonne+blowing+a+Spanish+bubble+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Boney at Bayonne blowing a Spanish bubble". 1808</td></tr>
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<strong>"Boney at Bayonne blowing a Spanish bubble".</strong><br />
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Napoleon is convincing the Spanish royalty, who are enclosed in a bubble, of his friendship as he fires a cannonball at Madrid.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuAzJGxyADeLe7D15JnCUGvSPpsUKK58EoD_HF0mDgyQOT8YRuMu7tJzlz4RgRjuShns2dHjhXRpG47-CzIKwz5cNMMU5lfm5JCQZITC_SoL_TnDFJfsm8v7QXrHGv3TtYaECM/s1600/Boney+bringing+home+the+truth+from+Spain+2.+Ts.+Tegg.+1808.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuAzJGxyADeLe7D15JnCUGvSPpsUKK58EoD_HF0mDgyQOT8YRuMu7tJzlz4RgRjuShns2dHjhXRpG47-CzIKwz5cNMMU5lfm5JCQZITC_SoL_TnDFJfsm8v7QXrHGv3TtYaECM/s320/Boney+bringing+home+the+truth+from+Spain+2.+Ts.+Tegg.+1808.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Boney bringing home the truth from Spain". 1808</td></tr>
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<strong>"Boney bringing home the truth from Spain".</strong><br />
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Napoleon is assuring his subjects, who have animal faces, that all is well in Spain. However, one animal/man wonders why Napoleon fails to mention his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, that he had installed on the Spanish Throne.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgraDtsXzLds43sAx9wvM_LRpCNCHkFX0H4KiRYxlx7L0YHUyG123T5Zro6kLWEZbK4iewjB7JQuxMMJ-OEO2uIE2yPV2xN27nTK0_Rng6bglNrhe9QYvNFatF-w9YEJCZoRX1x/s1600/King+Joe+disposing+of+his+Spanish+crown+!!!+2+Thos.+Tegg.+1808.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgraDtsXzLds43sAx9wvM_LRpCNCHkFX0H4KiRYxlx7L0YHUyG123T5Zro6kLWEZbK4iewjB7JQuxMMJ-OEO2uIE2yPV2xN27nTK0_Rng6bglNrhe9QYvNFatF-w9YEJCZoRX1x/s320/King+Joe+disposing+of+his+Spanish+crown+!!!+2+Thos.+Tegg.+1808.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"King Joe disposing of his Spanish crown!!!"1808</td></tr>
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<strong>"King Joe disposing of his Spanish crown!!!"</strong><br />
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King Joseph I is attempting to auction off his crown.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIBy4WNItE2AcR1-mi1al35lIPCnqb-O4rd62EpYPTphuU7SOCQW-XiY1rdita1dedAWs9MOpfu63HT31MmMLNfdjWcgYmXQ7xOLTtcKSbL472p4DPMuJsYN1oySvQmlfc1BWE/s1600/Napoleon's+exile+to+Elba+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIBy4WNItE2AcR1-mi1al35lIPCnqb-O4rd62EpYPTphuU7SOCQW-XiY1rdita1dedAWs9MOpfu63HT31MmMLNfdjWcgYmXQ7xOLTtcKSbL472p4DPMuJsYN1oySvQmlfc1BWE/s320/Napoleon's+exile+to+Elba+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The journey of a modern hero, to the island of Elba"</td></tr>
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<strong>"The journey of a modern hero, to the island of Elba".</strong><br />
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Napoleon was exiled to Elba, and the British had a great time. He sits backwards on a donkey going to Elba. His sword is broken and he holds on to the donkey's tail. The drummers mean that this is a solemn moment.<br />
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(If you would like any of these cartoons high resolution, just tell me and I will send them to you)<br />
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isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-48321162697562009882012-10-21T11:45:00.000-07:002012-11-11T01:35:35.764-08:00King Joseph Bonaparte blanketed. El Rey José Bonaparte manteado <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirwPPIpE8_aOIFjqrYyYoommHESY5pVJK0xd1AJAT69Y21w856QJrKnQcruV3-YXjRlVJ_EZkREmoCdDFvW48MWcZNbxcPJYMYr0lFUcGqO0ThFf688ExMEB-hWnA0FDdsu6NJ/s1600/El+rey+Jos%C3%A9+Bonaparte+manteado2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="281" nea="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirwPPIpE8_aOIFjqrYyYoommHESY5pVJK0xd1AJAT69Y21w856QJrKnQcruV3-YXjRlVJ_EZkREmoCdDFvW48MWcZNbxcPJYMYr0lFUcGqO0ThFf688ExMEB-hWnA0FDdsu6NJ/s400/El+rey+Jos%C3%A9+Bonaparte+manteado2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Spanish Joke!. George Cruikshank<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(I am going to post this entry both in English and in Spanish)<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A Spanish Joke </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(5 September, 1808) is a cartoon by British famous caricaturist George Cruikshank. It is based on Chapter XVII of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Don Quixote </i>in which he leaves the Inn without paying for his bill and without looking to see if his squire Sancho was following him.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“The innkeeper when he saw him go without paying him ran to get payment of Sancho, who said that as his master would not pay neither would he, because, being as he was squire to a knight-errant, the same rule and reason held good for him as for his master with regard to not paying anything in inns and hostelries. At this the innkeeper waxed very wroth, and threatened if he did not pay to compel him in a way that he would not like. To which Sancho made answer that by the law of chivalry his master had received he would not pay a rap, though it cost him his life; for the excellent and ancient usage of knights-errant was not going to be violated by him, nor should the squires of such as were yet to come into the world ever complain of him or reproach him with breaking so just a privilege.<br />The ill-luck of the unfortunate Sancho so ordered it that among the company in the inn there were four woolcarders from Segovia, three needle-makers from the Colt of Cordova, and two lodgers from the Fair of Seville, lively fellows, tender-hearted, fond of a joke, and playful, who, almost as if instigated and moved by a common impulse, made up to Sancho and dismounted him from his ass, while one of them went in for the blanket of the host's bed; but on flinging him into it they looked up, and seeing that the ceiling was somewhat lower what they required for their work, they decided upon going out into the yard, which was bounded by the sky, and there, putting Sancho in the middle of the blanket, they began to raise him high, making sport with him as they would with a dog at Shrovetide.<br />The cries of the poor blanketed wretch were so loud that they reached the ears of his master, who, halting to listen attentively, was persuaded that some new adventure was coming, until he clearly perceived that it was his squire who uttered them. Wheeling about he came up to the inn with a laborious gallop, and finding it shut went round it to see if he could find some way of getting in; but as soon as he came to the wall of the yard, which was not very high, he discovered the game that was being played with his squire. He saw him rising and falling in the air with such grace and nimbleness that, had his rage allowed him, it is my belief he would have laughed. He tried to climb from his horse on to the top of the wall, but he was so bruised and battered that he could not even dismount; and so from the back of his horse he began to utter such maledictions and objurgations against those who were blanketing Sancho as it would be impossible to write down accurately: they, however, did not stay their laughter or their work for this, nor did the flying Sancho cease his lamentations, mingled now with threats, now with entreaties but all to little purpose, or none at all, until from pure weariness they left off. They then brought him his ass, and mounting him on top of it they put his jacket round him…”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">George Cruikshank uses this Chapter and shows Napoleon on his horse on the other side of the wall (a clear reference to The Pyrenees ). He sees his brother Joseph Bonaparte rising and falling in the air the same as Sancho Panza and he threatens those blanketing him just as Don Quixote did.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Joseph loses his crown and begs them to stop. John Bull is depicted as the Inn Keeper, he is showing a piece of paper titled “Surrender Juno” while he is cheering the Spaniards. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On The left corner Sancho’s sack full of silver and gold makes reference to Sancho’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">alforjas</i> that he left behind in the Inn as he hurried out. This way the Inn Keeper got his payment of what was owing to him.</span></span></span><br />
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Translation based in the blog "As Invasoes Francesas"</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Spanish Joke, </i>(5 de Sptiembre, 1808) es una caricatura del famoso caricaturista británico George Cruikshank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Se basa en el capítulo XVII de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Don Quijote </i>cuando sale de la posada después de discutir con el posadero, sin pagar su estancia y sin mirar siquiera si Sancho le seguía. </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“El ventero, que le vio ir, y que no le pagaba, acudió a cobrar de Sancho Panza, el cual dijo, que pues su señor no había querido pagar, que tampoco él pagaría, porque siendo él escudero de caballero andante como era, la misma regla y razón corría por él como por su amo en no pagar cosa alguna en los mesones y ventas. Amohinóse mucho desto el ventero, y amenazóle que si no le pagaba, lo cobraría de modo que le pesase. A lo cual Sancho respondió, que por la ley de caballería que su amo había recibido, no pagaría un solo cornado aunque le costase la vida, porque no había de perder por él la buena y antigua usanza de los caballeros andantes, ni se habían de quejar de los escuderos de los tales que estaban por venir al mundo, reprochándole el quebrantamiento de tan justo fuero.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Quiso la mala suerte del desdichado Sancho, que entre la gente que estaba en la venta se hallasen cuatro perailes de Segovia, tres agujeros del potro de Córdoba, y dos vecinos de la heria de Sevilla, gente alegre, bien intencionada, maleante y juguetona; los cuales casi como instigados y movidos de un mismo espíritu, se llegaron a Sancho, y apeándole del asno, uno dellos entró por la manta de la cama del huésped, y echándole en ella alzaron los ojos y vieron que el techo era algo más bajo de lo que habían menester para su obra y determinaron salirse al corral, que tenía por límite el cielo, y allí puesto Sancho en mitad de la manta, comenzaron a levantarla en alto y a holgarse con él como un perro por carnastolendas. Las voces que el mísero manteado daba fueron tantas, que llegaron a los oídos de su amo, el cual, deteniéndose a escuchar atentamente, creyó que alguna nueva aventura le venía, hasta que claramente conoció que el que gritaba era su escudero, y volviendo las riendas, con un penado golpe llegó a la venta, y hallándola cerrada, la rodeó por ver si hallaba por donde entrar; pero no hubo entrado a las paredes del corral, que no eran muy altas, cuando vió el mal juego que se le hacía a su escudero.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Vióle bajar y subir por el aire con tanta gracia y presteza, que si la cólera le dejara, tengo para mí que se riera. Probó a subir desde el caballo a las bardas; pero estaba tan molido y quebrantado, que aún apearse no pudo, y así desde encima del caballo comenzó a decir tantos denuestos y baldones a los que a Sancho manteaban, que no es posible acertar a escribillos; mas no por esto cesaban ellos de su risa y de su obra, ni el volador Sancho dejaba sus quejas, mezcladas ya con amenazas, ya con ruegos; mas todo aprovechaba poco, ni aprovechó hasta que de puro cansados le dejaron. Trajéronle allí su asno, y subiéronle encima, le arroparon con su gabán…”</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">George Cruikshank se sirve de este episodio y representa a Napoleón a caballo a la otra parte del <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>muro (una clara alusión a los Pireneos). Ve a su hermano, José Bonaparte siendo lanzado en el aire lo mismo que Sancho Panza y amenaza e injuria a los españoles que lo están manteando igual que hizo Don Quijote. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Viles cobardes,¿ cómo osáis tratar a mi escudero de ese modo tan descortes? Sabed que si yo saltara la pared… y seguro que lo haré…) <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Uno de los españoles se gira para Napoleón y le replica: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“No nos importa nada ni vos ni semejantes villanos” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Otro declara: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Esto es por robar a la posada y huir sin pagar la cuenta”. </i>Al otro lado una monja exclama: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Un manteo por nuestro Fernando”<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">En pleno aire José I pierde su corona e implora que se acabe con el manteo. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Ah, misericordia para el rey Jo, este es un mal momento para mantear al rey Jo.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">John Bull, o mejor, Don Bull se representa como al posadero, exhibe un papel con el título “Rendición de Juno” y anima a los españoles con el manteo: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Esa es vuestra clase, muchachos! Arriba con él mis amigos, Hurra!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aquí hay mas barcos, colonias y comercio pero no para el hermano de Napoleón”</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A la izquierda del grabado se encuentra la saca de Sancho llena de oro y plata, una alusión más a la obra de Cervantes que al concluir este capítulo deja sus alforjas olvidadas en la posada al salir con tanta prisa, consiguiendo de este modo cobrar el posadero. </span></td></tr>
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isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-31943033347079445532012-06-02T12:18:00.000-07:002012-06-03T06:48:10.796-07:00Manuscript maps. Book of Penmanship by Frances A. Henshaw<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Book of Penmanship </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">by Frances A. Henshaw</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizYfG4Yd15C3aMkuGaDCD4tzJzvwK1xlr3fnvbWXArubeM9mi_zXV_7TLQgerGeRvvt8q8rvObA_PiBk41-ZP6asY9NLEtJ0LQsOUx9OAavj3z3BoAyK40xPf50gCYFP7hge_E/s1600/19+a+Indiana..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" rba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizYfG4Yd15C3aMkuGaDCD4tzJzvwK1xlr3fnvbWXArubeM9mi_zXV_7TLQgerGeRvvt8q8rvObA_PiBk41-ZP6asY9NLEtJ0LQsOUx9OAavj3z3BoAyK40xPf50gCYFP7hge_E/s200/19+a+Indiana..jpg" width="153" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Indiana. Frances A. Henshaw. 1823<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the eighteenth and early nineteenth century American children were taught geography almost entirely through prose, reading and recitation of geodetic texts were thought to be the best aids to spatial memory. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqyyDQDUfnyHIz4s2iQWWtZdEiGlHvCa31qMCD97odhfZwO3ChzgxNppxu7t2xFem6ddrnTNdpLdbkqxQq7DgMNqeKjdtmS5dyENObQSE_1bbLFvZH3ybUBeXCbf4a9Hr6l6d/s1600/17+b+%2528Description+of%2529+Kentucky..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" rba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqyyDQDUfnyHIz4s2iQWWtZdEiGlHvCa31qMCD97odhfZwO3ChzgxNppxu7t2xFem6ddrnTNdpLdbkqxQq7DgMNqeKjdtmS5dyENObQSE_1bbLFvZH3ybUBeXCbf4a9Hr6l6d/s200/17+b+%2528Description+of%2529+Kentucky..jpg" width="155" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Description of Kentucky<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A remarkable pedagogical innovation involving the teaching of this discipline started in 1814 when American educator and author of several geography textbooks, Emma Willard, founded Middlebury Female Academy in western Vermont. Her goal was to provide female students with an education equal to that offered to their brothers. So began a revolutionary commitment to the education of women. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM9iTX64sMn5gtfk3wHUCjBDf7kjq9QaDBDmCx0uwdRQbAK3ptEqV0N1ORcD6hRHvrjtEFRZCvo4YX5c5blS9epJcNu7Lv4j2FO85mp2uY5Z1UwuJTyQnd16co1xRtDhgCF-dM/s1600/Emma+willard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" rba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM9iTX64sMn5gtfk3wHUCjBDf7kjq9QaDBDmCx0uwdRQbAK3ptEqV0N1ORcD6hRHvrjtEFRZCvo4YX5c5blS9epJcNu7Lv4j2FO85mp2uY5Z1UwuJTyQnd16co1xRtDhgCF-dM/s200/Emma+willard.jpg" width="123" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Emma Willard</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">She based geographical instruction and discovery-learning on the construction of personalized, localized, graphical maps. She believed her students would learn better through personal exercises in geospatial and textual graphesis as well as the knowledge production through the creation of images and texts-as-image. So that learning geography also meant learning artistry, as drawing maps was a common assignment. (Based in "Inventing the map" by Bethany Nowviskie. Poetess Archive Journal 2.1, 20 December, 2010)</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsyU23NRThSE08EgIGKGopTJv-ZkWW4s85FTxVp3M9jRuQ8yqB6_kPN5-0X65M48_rFYp_5iTgyN1zncSsVScXlJsMaTnFCNoqSjF585c17N-CH5w7oi_pv1B2eGBosgLL1Adl/s1600/3+a+Vermont..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" rba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsyU23NRThSE08EgIGKGopTJv-ZkWW4s85FTxVp3M9jRuQ8yqB6_kPN5-0X65M48_rFYp_5iTgyN1zncSsVScXlJsMaTnFCNoqSjF585c17N-CH5w7oi_pv1B2eGBosgLL1Adl/s200/3+a+Vermont..jpg" width="156" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vermont (Click to enlarge or <br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Frances Alsop Henshaw, a gifted 14-year-old student at Middlebury Female Academy produced an amazing cartographic and textual artifact, <i>Book of Penmanship, 29 </i>April 1828. It included a series of gorgeous pen-and-ink hand drawn maps delicately colored of 19 U.S. States accompanying original geographic diagrams for each of the hand drawn maps.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXGNfWSWNVm5IxiAIUqMKfNxFhp7ILvJHZ38t52GWoJ2ZWeVNpkvLqfYCjFU3HLydl3k7bpwR0IxZPNkmEswWmQDxOaanhaya54fWXO7vCyFz-D4ICKAjSNRVlsgoPw2G-W_t/s1600/5+b+%2528Description+of%2529+Connecticut..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" rba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXGNfWSWNVm5IxiAIUqMKfNxFhp7ILvJHZ38t52GWoJ2ZWeVNpkvLqfYCjFU3HLydl3k7bpwR0IxZPNkmEswWmQDxOaanhaya54fWXO7vCyFz-D4ICKAjSNRVlsgoPw2G-W_t/s200/5+b+%2528Description+of%2529+Connecticut..jpg" width="156" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Description of Connecticut<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">These hand drawn maps are stunning in their artistry, but also fascinating in their content. Descriptive and positional texts are displayed in unique patterns, the pattern is different for each of the 19 states. She copied the maps from an atlas available at school or at home. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Henshaw’s <i>Book of Penmanship </i>goes far beyond penmanship, including not only maps of the 19 states accompanying geographical diagrams but also astronomical maps, charts of Copernican and Ptolemaic celestial systems, as well as maps of other cartographic features such as equator, meridian, polar circles, latitude and longitude. Her diagrams serve to illustrate or amplify the geographical data conveyed through her maps. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAueuPXX360f2_8AF-NOWh2yrQuZNk2SV_jL2oMzuAwZVIPqRd6H00U2SeABsCRbla7iMzoSYxthGIgdWvxx7l06w3F-A6FRykDlgyDTL2xxrcun0gxxvWghIwIMnIDLubYeOc/s1600/5+a+Connecticut..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="156" rba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAueuPXX360f2_8AF-NOWh2yrQuZNk2SV_jL2oMzuAwZVIPqRd6H00U2SeABsCRbla7iMzoSYxthGIgdWvxx7l06w3F-A6FRykDlgyDTL2xxrcun0gxxvWghIwIMnIDLubYeOc/s200/5+a+Connecticut..jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Connecticut (Click to enlarge or download)</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Could our children draw something like this in this age of the Internet, I wonder? </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">I will send free your State map high resolution willingly, just email me. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXGNfWSWNVm5IxiAIUqMKfNxFhp7ILvJHZ38t52GWoJ2ZWeVNpkvLqfYCjFU3HLydl3k7bpwR0IxZPNkmEswWmQDxOaanhaya54fWXO7vCyFz-D4ICKAjSNRVlsgoPw2G-W_t/s1600/5+b+(Description+of)+Connecticut..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-39610001286438481222012-04-25T10:25:00.000-07:002012-04-25T10:25:07.352-07:00Johann Kautsky's Tree Lithographies<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Johann Kautsky’s Tree Lithographies</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs-fhskCRLdhwoHwcPfI6X7yoBdK6q34v1nYy97nYm0mBOXt80DJMAtZsl5Gscegxl38FZcu2DxN5zzHnpMnWFxLcV61gEdoO4csdtkH2EuOTdQTYuAD7LRDhM74UO21PCZAMw/s1600/16+Sweet+Chestnut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" oda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs-fhskCRLdhwoHwcPfI6X7yoBdK6q34v1nYy97nYm0mBOXt80DJMAtZsl5Gscegxl38FZcu2DxN5zzHnpMnWFxLcV61gEdoO4csdtkH2EuOTdQTYuAD7LRDhM74UO21PCZAMw/s320/16+Sweet+Chestnut.jpg" width="237" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Sweet Chestnut". Johann Kautsky. <br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Arbor Day will be observed next Friday, 27<sup>th</sup> April. It celebrates the role of trees in our lives and promotes tree planting and care.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The idea for Arbor Day was first held in 1872 in Nebraska by Julius Starling Morton and shortly afterwards other states passed legislation to observe Arbor Day each year with appropriate ceremonies.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">As for me, I am celebrating Arbor Day giving away a magnificent digital lithography from the 19<sup>th</sup> century at high resolution. “Sweet Chestnut” by the world famous Czech-German Johann Kautsky. It’s great if it is printed in a large size and finely framed.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Here are some more pictures of Johann Kautsky’s lithographies. All of them are splendid and beautiful (there are 17 altogether). </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlf-ku2CV6NppjyQl67X6eNA12BDkZM5u6GzKb3SqFnXedKD77IMoesR7nrotD6RdpMeY7kth9czcU0VclEIWNSYwrD2h_Z9b0cXSwvDnMk3S6RmYWjILKARWTEsk2afHjKaXX/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" oda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlf-ku2CV6NppjyQl67X6eNA12BDkZM5u6GzKb3SqFnXedKD77IMoesR7nrotD6RdpMeY7kth9czcU0VclEIWNSYwrD2h_Z9b0cXSwvDnMk3S6RmYWjILKARWTEsk2afHjKaXX/s200/2.jpg" width="143" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anybody that wants to purchase some of these digital lithographies, just email me and I will send them high resolution immediately at an affordable symbolic price (5€ each). Obviously, the more you buy the cheaper they will be.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMO8UFmHjd-mheyIOfIlVStJstZItQbMP7zBNSiBhFe5tOFp9hKCqAi198PHzsSGNRth5bxaR4M1jj0UmxdwegOpgfbwHwSSM8_gAHGvVgRC3Kskx-F-qYM6KX24bEHnrmurnN/s1600/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" oda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMO8UFmHjd-mheyIOfIlVStJstZItQbMP7zBNSiBhFe5tOFp9hKCqAi198PHzsSGNRth5bxaR4M1jj0UmxdwegOpgfbwHwSSM8_gAHGvVgRC3Kskx-F-qYM6KX24bEHnrmurnN/s200/8.jpg" width="142" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUeZQWSQK7vfbjIQupxDlDj3HCkIiv4yVvj5Gb7k97N85hxj7wtUXwzq9O_5D7YvuQLy_BzaSXMr9owPKD3SMJ965-Ny72lbp4-0DC_4z5iKYXqhbAyFOHcnK-qZYcGh7C4fO/s1600/12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" oda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUeZQWSQK7vfbjIQupxDlDj3HCkIiv4yVvj5Gb7k97N85hxj7wtUXwzq9O_5D7YvuQLy_BzaSXMr9owPKD3SMJ965-Ny72lbp4-0DC_4z5iKYXqhbAyFOHcnK-qZYcGh7C4fO/s200/12.jpg" width="145" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">An anonymous quote about trees<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to finish this post. “I am the heat of your heart, the shade screening you from the sun; I am the beam that holds your house, the board of your table; I am the handle of your hoe, the door of your homestead, the wood of your cradle, and the shell of your coffin. I am the gift of God and the friend of man”</span></span></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-86810405056272771512012-02-07T09:38:00.000-08:002012-02-07T09:55:57.490-08:00CHARLES DICKENS. BICENTENARY OF HIS BIRTH<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">CHARLES DICKENS</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSzOZQLQsOw4MB1qT2Fk1RlF4USBl8_zD6nnFsp2QVWCXKgOPdBIUp0otXPjToVXPHpzy4A-ACbUV3eM7dwZK1Be7UhFOATsEYLJILNJBHfZ1PsRfoyG1jayfw-e7TRJPLxcPq/s1600/Charles+Dickens+circa+1860s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSzOZQLQsOw4MB1qT2Fk1RlF4USBl8_zD6nnFsp2QVWCXKgOPdBIUp0otXPjToVXPHpzy4A-ACbUV3eM7dwZK1Be7UhFOATsEYLJILNJBHfZ1PsRfoyG1jayfw-e7TRJPLxcPq/s200/Charles+Dickens+circa+1860s.jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Click to enlarge or download)</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I’m very proud to mark the 200<sup>th</sup> anniversary of Charles Dickens’s birth (February 7, 1812) here with this little contribution to commemorate this very special anniversary.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Although a writer from the Victorian era, Dickens’s work transcends his time, language and culture. He remains a massive contemporary influence throughout the world and his writings continue to inspire film, TV, art, literature, artist and academia.</span></span></div> <br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England. He was the second of eight children. His father earned a low income as a clerk in the Navy pay office. The family was poor and moved from one home to another in London to get away from creditors. When Dickens was 12 years old, his father was imprisoned for debt. During this time, Dickens lived a miserable life. He worked in a factory and lived alone in a very small room. A small inheritance improved the family’s position and Dickens was able to go to a private school until the age of 14. His real education came from his experiences, extensive reading and observation of everyday life. When he was 15 years old, he got a job as a clerk in a solicitor’s office. He then worked as a reporter in the law courts and legal proceedings in the House of Commons. This experience found its way into many of his books. At this time, he started writing articles for magazines and sketches of the life and manners of the time. In 1837, he was approached by a publisher to write a story to accompany some drawings. This developed into </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Italic", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic;">The Pickwick Papers </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">and was the beginning of his career as a prolific writer. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSmBVBhkJaN3qw2FE-1OcpkC2ilDTLdCFmo3e3iutlJuwDhfF7H29yN9uAzveomVYR7pOcZlrzPffkoPL-_Is7qs_PWXMS6X5FrXe1g5tKfAC4MIzJRoNFMOHuWKEYLnvLyFX/s1600/Charles+Dickens+a+few+days+before+his+decease.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSmBVBhkJaN3qw2FE-1OcpkC2ilDTLdCFmo3e3iutlJuwDhfF7H29yN9uAzveomVYR7pOcZlrzPffkoPL-_Is7qs_PWXMS6X5FrXe1g5tKfAC4MIzJRoNFMOHuWKEYLnvLyFX/s200/Charles+Dickens+a+few+days+before+his+decease.jpg" width="118" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Click to enlarge or download)</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">His novels reflect the social conditions of the age in which he lived. As a social commentator, he wrote about the harsh reality of working-class life and exposed the evils of Victorian urban society. In 19th century England, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Bold", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the rights of children<b> </b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">were not well protected. The rapid development of manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution created a huge demand for cheap labour and even very young children were sent to work in factories. Victorian novelists who portrayed these conditions in their books were accused of obscenity and of encouraging rebellion.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Bold", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Bold", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Boarding schools<b> </b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">were very common in Victorian England since it was believed that children raised by their parents would be spoiled. The conditions in these schools were often harsh, with poor food, little heat and cold water for washing. The discipline was strict and physical punishment was common. </span></span></div> <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMjSZe4eq1U_Xn66xNQIZqWbW_Aee3MeQ5odw_N5jzPAiBj2P7y75jVLgJQFUBfQ7Q90-f3TOlY7SoBI8X8zAwDScDW-D9TPFQYdfEfNQUCTGWZ_uURDR8g43fx8cW3pyLCsJh/s1600/Charles+Dickens+with+his+two+daughters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMjSZe4eq1U_Xn66xNQIZqWbW_Aee3MeQ5odw_N5jzPAiBj2P7y75jVLgJQFUBfQ7Q90-f3TOlY7SoBI8X8zAwDScDW-D9TPFQYdfEfNQUCTGWZ_uURDR8g43fx8cW3pyLCsJh/s200/Charles+Dickens+with+his+two+daughters.jpg" width="162" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dickens and his daughters<br />
(Click to enlarge or download)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpH5jBqkYtgnR8EjIlYq6DsyF6Rn4S03z_OELuric5xpKtxVocwr-8HJkl8LXr7G3BkWY7qgPd4c-YRwrBuhTj7l1Ke5Mc2PKQljt5tosCWWfYpYA_-di_JaEKMxh6aBch-yA/s1600/Residence+of+Charles+Dickens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="157" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpH5jBqkYtgnR8EjIlYq6DsyF6Rn4S03z_OELuric5xpKtxVocwr-8HJkl8LXr7G3BkWY7qgPd4c-YRwrBuhTj7l1Ke5Mc2PKQljt5tosCWWfYpYA_-di_JaEKMxh6aBch-yA/s200/Residence+of+Charles+Dickens.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Click to enlarge or download)</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Dickens was also a champion of middle-class family values, although his own marriage was not a happy one. After 22 years of marriage, he and his wife Catherine separated. They had ten children, many of them named after famous writers and one of his daughters was named Dora after the character in his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">David Copperfield. </i>The real Dora died tragically of an illness just like Dora in the book. He had a pet raven named Grip. When the bird died he had it stuffed and it is now in the Free Library of Philadelphia.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">He died at the age of 58 and is buried in Poet’s Corner, Westminster Abbey, London.</span></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiguc2BFUo4y5KJS0jDXiGrSwLYIX49cyWVWBXasoqsohY5uvU-F2LKIQnKNSz-VZxufY2n5TTiYzJMA2xdswQWfkY4Vz-VjkLxs8FsgwaCkiDPuDGdow4wN2csDe-oaCzxzu9m/s1600/Oliver+Twist.+Cruikshank.Oliver+asks+for+more..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiguc2BFUo4y5KJS0jDXiGrSwLYIX49cyWVWBXasoqsohY5uvU-F2LKIQnKNSz-VZxufY2n5TTiYzJMA2xdswQWfkY4Vz-VjkLxs8FsgwaCkiDPuDGdow4wN2csDe-oaCzxzu9m/s200/Oliver+Twist.+Cruikshank.Oliver+asks+for+more..jpg" width="131" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Olivrt Twist. Oliver asks for more</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip8g1iOL2VWsJv2zO-8ykKJc6mWryNWSURCqmambAz9X1UaEWvxt6gbV6c-j6OJ0Qj66v7Mfrpfv2muAUZYmW0a_ZrIUnKqkvbLxdlEjm69_4E2gHPXmGo1Qh1wONImKQ0bOTw/s1600/Marley's+Ghost-John+Leech,+1843.+Cuentos+de+Navidad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip8g1iOL2VWsJv2zO-8ykKJc6mWryNWSURCqmambAz9X1UaEWvxt6gbV6c-j6OJ0Qj66v7Mfrpfv2muAUZYmW0a_ZrIUnKqkvbLxdlEjm69_4E2gHPXmGo1Qh1wONImKQ0bOTw/s200/Marley's+Ghost-John+Leech,+1843.+Cuentos+de+Navidad.jpg" width="121" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marley's Ghost. A Christmas Carol</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 10pt 0pt 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dickens enjoyed great success, fame and popularity in his lifetime both in England and America. His great novels were <i>Oliver Twist </i>(1838), <i>Nicholas Nickleby </i>(1839), <i>The Old Curiosity Shop </i>(1841), <i>Barnaby Rudge </i>(1841), <i>David Copperfield </i>(1848-1849) and <i>Bleak House </i>(1852-1853). In <i>David Copperfield</i>, Dickens draws on characters and events from his own experiences.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> Many of Charles Dickens' books were printed in magazines in serial form before being published in book format. Unlike other authors who finished their stories before the magazines printed them, Dickens often wrote each episode as they were being serialized. This meant that<b> </b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">his stories had a rhythm which kept the reader looking forward to the next episode, just like a modern day TV series. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 10pt 0pt 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 10pt 0pt 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times-Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Enjoy reading some quotes from the great man himself:</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"> <br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“Minds, like bodies, will often fall into a pimpled, ill-conditioned state from mere excess of comfort.”</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">“No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“Accidents will occur in the best regulated families</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"> <br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">“Reflect on your present blessings, of which every man has many; not on your past misfortunes, of which all men have some.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">“Subdue your appetites, my dears, and you've conquered human nature.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Although a skillful flatterer is a most delightful companion if you have him all to yourself, his taste becomes very doubtful when he takes to complimenting other people.”</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Charity begins at home, and justice begins next door.”</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Credit is a system whereby a person who cannot pay gets another person who cannot pay to guarantee that he can pay.”</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Have a heart that never hardens, and a temper that never tires, and a touch that never hurts.”</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> <br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to heaven, we were all doing direct the other way - in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Tale of Two Cities</i>).</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> </div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I have done some PDFs with beautiful stories by Charles Dickens, so If you like to read them, just download them from </span><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/newbitsandbobs/charles-dickens"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">HERE.</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Enjoy it all!</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 10pt 0pt 0cm;"></div> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 10pt 0pt 0cm;"></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-60571940586735152212012-01-24T11:22:00.000-08:002012-01-24T11:38:04.909-08:00Audubon’s engravings<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzHlng9_0THw9_IKjFKgSfv4mGo2EjlTZs6sRT6glMlPa3WWUuLLvTHi4yq-BF2tt7UVB93sq9xBQK1AYdjNKHJ2NGpZAkVDT-SAICuPY-bRahLMn0fcMXvNZw41eHG6o05ke/s1600/John+James+Audubon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzHlng9_0THw9_IKjFKgSfv4mGo2EjlTZs6sRT6glMlPa3WWUuLLvTHi4yq-BF2tt7UVB93sq9xBQK1AYdjNKHJ2NGpZAkVDT-SAICuPY-bRahLMn0fcMXvNZw41eHG6o05ke/s200/John+James+Audubon.jpg" width="153" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Audubon’s engravings.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">French-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> American naturalist, ornithologist and artist John James Audubon (1785-1951) was born in the French colony of Santa Domingo, later known as Haiti. He was </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">son of a sea captain, Jean Audubon and a servant girl on a sugar plantation. His mother Jeanne Rabin died when he was not yet a year old. His father cared for him a couple of years then sent the child to France to be raised by his middle-aged wife Anne. This selfless woman lovingly raised John and nurtured and provided him education.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEtbm_1Fyv35w42QA45ArqZzntykYgSivtljG8Jem_8ifJNZeEvFJPS0iEdNys3PsPBBrC6EO0-V04dyLgedyPTOSL6kunWZuLh75-8YnszUidFpVD5mmdrYNd-tg19leQdBUA/s1600/Hare+Indian+dog.+Plate+CXXXII..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEtbm_1Fyv35w42QA45ArqZzntykYgSivtljG8Jem_8ifJNZeEvFJPS0iEdNys3PsPBBrC6EO0-V04dyLgedyPTOSL6kunWZuLh75-8YnszUidFpVD5mmdrYNd-tg19leQdBUA/s200/Hare+Indian+dog.+Plate+CXXXII..jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">Hare Indian dog. Plate CXXXII.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When he was a boy he enjoyed wandering through the woods, collecting things from nature, and watching the birds. He began to draw pictures of birds and animals.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When he was eighteen years old his father either sent him or went with him to America to his plantation </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Mill Grove in Pennsylvania possibly to avoid conscription into Napoleon’s army</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_MlxTw5H7l65iyjEMN7T2MDjIlEHJRkYm6xVoMLfg5PY9HC3rMzO_Z_nXBF6Xtx9BKKTE2YbGLi9VnUYBC4cvK3bc5vKTbVWo5W3fVqiFN64wYD8gPuyxZZ4R6vIiON7rLh_o/s1600/White-headed+Eagle.+Plate+XXXI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_MlxTw5H7l65iyjEMN7T2MDjIlEHJRkYm6xVoMLfg5PY9HC3rMzO_Z_nXBF6Xtx9BKKTE2YbGLi9VnUYBC4cvK3bc5vKTbVWo5W3fVqiFN64wYD8gPuyxZZ4R6vIiON7rLh_o/s200/White-headed+Eagle.+Plate+XXXI.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">White-headed eagle.Plate XXXI.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He continued to draw. He changed from the use of pastels<span style="color: red;"> </span>to watercolors. He taught himself through trial and error specializing in birds.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">His marriage in 1808 to Lucy Blackwell, an English woman and neighbor, added stability to his life and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">she was a constant source of encouragement to him. They had four children. Their two daughters died when they were babies, but their two sons lived to adulthood. The sons, Victor and John, became artists and help their father with the painting of the backgrounds for his birds. They were also active in the publication of his works. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">During his early days in America he worked at improving his drawing techniques, and became skilled at specimen preparation and taxidermy, even working for a time in that capacity at a museum in Cincinnati</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Audubon was the first person to start bird-banding studies in America. He tied lightweight strings to their legs, and he could track their travels as they nested, left the area, and then returned to the nest.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4XMNH0tP1F-fg2OAT5eJSlFldZrcxHvTFbkivxyegVKCEynrjoBwtgUZxFRJ464t_E4liH5DA8ea-dZZmP3GkfLlfiIkXdzWXUDgXVaUkm5QsOWcOxt-wjbA05wDZhh4apxj/s1600/Yellow+billed+Magpie+...+Plate+CCCLXII.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4XMNH0tP1F-fg2OAT5eJSlFldZrcxHvTFbkivxyegVKCEynrjoBwtgUZxFRJ464t_E4liH5DA8ea-dZZmP3GkfLlfiIkXdzWXUDgXVaUkm5QsOWcOxt-wjbA05wDZhh4apxj/s200/Yellow+billed+Magpie+...+Plate+CCCLXII.jpg" width="145" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yellow-billed Magpie.<br />
Plate CCCLXII</td></tr>
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<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">He travelled across the eastern and central United States -often alone, sometimes with an assistant- to gather images of over 500 known species of bird. He would often draw them from life, but sometimes killed his avian subjects and posed them with wires into life-like positions in order to capture them on paper. The latter technique guaranteed the birds wouldn’t fly off. He used all sorts of media considered unconventional at the time to create his masterpiece images. Backgrounds were created sometimes by the artist himself but more often by several assistants. These paintings reflect Audubon's love and fascination with the beauty and dynamics of American birds and the rest of their natural heritage. He printed them on large sheets of paper labeled "Double Elephant Folio" because of its large size. The resulting monumental book was called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birds of America </i>that was a well-planned venture long before it finally came to fruition, it took him 12 years to complete his ambitious work. Audubon had the title in mind when he set about in 1820 to paint every known bird in America. Each species is illustrated showing male, female and juveniles in their natural habitat, exhibiting typical behavior and not only does he give us high definition and painstakingly observed scientific detail, he also depicts each species with such beauty, that he seems to reveal some kind of fundamental truth. His goal was to eventually produce a body of work that would far surpass any other in existence. And he did exactly that. For nearly three years he roamed down the Mississippi River and across the American frontier searching out specimens to paint, sometimes purchasing them from local hunters. </span></span></div></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Since American printers couldn’t accommodate the oversize plates he insisted upon using, Audubon traveled to Great Britain where his paintings (and he himself) became an overnight sensation. The Brits were eager to learn anything about the new American frontier, its people and environs. The book’s original edition was printed by engraver Robert Havell (and son) starting in 1826. The process of engraving and printing all 435 plates took a dozen years and cost Audubon $111,640, a huge sum for the time. He financed the initial printing mainly through advance subscriptions, (including King George IV, an admirer of Audubon),exhibitions, and lectures (a teen-aged Charles Darwin attended one of these). </span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaJMsfHFUviqX_WKr5mkKf398snMg-mjX5Auy7f7K61FKDDpUUs0vJlFE1XGyulufBVSPknLJBuN6t8orl6QsjXEFQ_KPTkFlEv5kMj8MKd0M1Go_hu62OUpEuUVNVCZi3wCFN/s1600/Jumping+mouse.+Plate+LXXXV..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaJMsfHFUviqX_WKr5mkKf398snMg-mjX5Auy7f7K61FKDDpUUs0vJlFE1XGyulufBVSPknLJBuN6t8orl6QsjXEFQ_KPTkFlEv5kMj8MKd0M1Go_hu62OUpEuUVNVCZi3wCFN/s200/Jumping+mouse.+Plate+LXXXV..jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">Jumping mouse. Plate LXXXV.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Audubon originally published about 750 copies of <i>Birds of America</i> of which only 219 copies are extant today. Of those, only 119 complete copies exist, most of which are in museum and library collections. Eleven copies are in private hands and this latest intact volume is one of two auctioned in 2010 for more than £7.3 million. It’s the most expensive book in the world and maybe the most beautiful.</span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFpY2zP1cuz-GxQka4gFsjFBHcQqh8tQoCUYucNt5qkm8WZtZQGDK_Vvuq97cpsJyX8Q_yCJFE9xZlvuzaUCUTkj2_whfn_oITR1WnZqZkH6-jg9fYPxRhn37SHZtzY-vZedqu/s1600/Townsends+Rocky+Mountain+Hare.+Plae+III..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFpY2zP1cuz-GxQka4gFsjFBHcQqh8tQoCUYucNt5qkm8WZtZQGDK_Vvuq97cpsJyX8Q_yCJFE9xZlvuzaUCUTkj2_whfn_oITR1WnZqZkH6-jg9fYPxRhn37SHZtzY-vZedqu/s200/Townsends+Rocky+Mountain+Hare.+Plae+III..jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">Townsends Rocky Mountain Hare.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">Plate III.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Audubon also applied his methodology and artistry to create a record of the Native American mammals. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">He published a large book of animal drawings, <i>The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">which became an immediate success on publication, illustrated many frontier mammals never before seen or depicted. Sadly, Audubon died before the publication of his final project and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was completed posthumously by his son, John Woodhouse Audubon. The legacy of Audubon to the world was in these two superb works on American Birds and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quadrupeds which have come to signify a love of all wild creatures and the environment, epitomized today by the Audubon Society, as well as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>immortalized worldwide in publications and the stamps of over 60 countries.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">As you can see Audubon combined scientific observation and exquisite beauty. </span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">If some of you are interested in these engravings, just email me. I will give some of them for free until 31<sup>st</sup> January 2012. After that date you will be able to purchase them at a symbolic price, sure we will reach agreement.</span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-55136872266678554392011-12-11T07:21:00.000-08:002011-12-13T09:07:56.872-08:00Easter Island <br />
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<tr><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfRk05GcFV0uHOMjEBbz2vn-qx64-QURoKKhCJcWLM5JEFXpiPmrysX2xFnasYzfMJnLWKU3hHtuGGx1KBLZXm_SaD7ffDOwF7fmCBue6o9SmvWBTwRe9taVpbK284FZj_THED/s1600/25+Easter+Island..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" mda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfRk05GcFV0uHOMjEBbz2vn-qx64-QURoKKhCJcWLM5JEFXpiPmrysX2xFnasYzfMJnLWKU3hHtuGGx1KBLZXm_SaD7ffDOwF7fmCBue6o9SmvWBTwRe9taVpbK284FZj_THED/s200/25+Easter+Island..jpg" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Easter Island. James Cook. <br />
Voyage towards the South Pole. 1777<br />
(Click to enlarge or download)</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Easter Island based on Captain James Cook and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jean-François de la Pérouse's engravings.</span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span> <br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Easter Island (<i>Rapa Nui</i>, Spanish: <i>Isla de Pascua</i>) is a volcanic island consisting mainly of three extinct coalesced volcanoes. It is one of the most isolated islands in the world but 1200 years ago a double-hulled canoe filled with seafarers from a distant culture landed upon its shores, the legends say King Hoto Matua and his family landed in Anakena beach, thus beginning the occupation of Easter Island. Over the centuries that followed a remarkable society developed in isolation on the island. For reasons still unknown they began carving giant statues out of volcanic rock and at present Easter Island</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> is best known for its 887 giant stone monoliths, known as <i>Moai</i>, that dot the coastline. </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpU3Kd7w3PeuPtrfKfxa-dCWX4Cq4t4SVghyphenhyphen4fYOu_gyLQZcELlRH0oxqAusz2npFnig76aC1BrXw554bxhTlJiL90nUD3Xxp-QCK6k9g8VKAUKOWc4mVOe9Ny_4bZDIUifGgO/s1600/Pirogue++de+l%2527Ile+de+Paque..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="162" mda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpU3Kd7w3PeuPtrfKfxa-dCWX4Cq4t4SVghyphenhyphen4fYOu_gyLQZcELlRH0oxqAusz2npFnig76aC1BrXw554bxhTlJiL90nUD3Xxp-QCK6k9g8VKAUKOWc4mVOe9Ny_4bZDIUifGgO/s200/Pirogue++de+l%2527Ile+de+Paque..jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Canoe Easter Island.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Atlas du voyage de la Pérouse. 1797</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
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<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">The early settlers called the island "Te Pito O Te Henua" (Navel of The World). Admiral Roggeveen, who came upon the island on Easter Day in 1722, named it Easter Island. Today, the land, people and language are all referred to locally as Rapa Nui.</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span> <br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Today is the most famous example of societies that overtook their ecological limits and collapsed as a result.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Easter Island has become, for many, a metaphor for ecological disaster.</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The first islanders found a lush island, filled with giant palms which they used to build boats and housing. The plants they brought with them did well in the rich volcanic soil and by AD 1550 population on the island hit a high of between 7000 and 9000, far exceeding the capabilities of the small island's ecosystem. Resources became scarce, and the once lush palm forests were destroyed - cleared for agriculture and moving the massive stone Moai. It is not certain, but the moai appear to have been built as part of status competition between the various tribus on the island, with bigger moai demonstrating greater power. The early seventeenth century was probably the pinnacle of Easter Island culture, when the biggest moai were built. However, moai construction consumed a lot of resources, particularly wood, for transport and energy and by 1650, the last tree had been felled. With the loss of the forests, the land began to erode. The small amount of topsoil quickly washed into the sea. The crops began to fail and the clans turned on one another in a battle for the scarce resources. The violence grew worse and worse. It was said that the victors would eat their dead enemies to gain strength, bones found on the island show evidence of this cannibalism.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This way the island suffered </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">from heavy soil erosion, it</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> was a wasteland, the eroded soil just barely producing enough food for the meager population to survive. It was under these conditions that the Birdman Cult arose.</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">This process of erosion seems to have been gradual and may have been aggravated by sheet farming throughout most of the 20th century.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">By the time Europeans arrived on the island’s shores in 1722, the number of easter Islanders had fallen dramatically, and they had been reduced to war and cannibalism.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">It is nevertheless true that the world Jacob Roggeveen first observed when arriving on Rapa Nui was a land exceptionally fertile </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">"Fowls are the only animals they keep. They cultivate bananas, sugar cane, and above all sweet potatoes.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">I</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">n 1774, British explorer James Cook visited Easter Island; he reported that some statues had fallen over. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwUttxjNI74Se8TG_l_EABBemFqQg_WWZ_y9rUdxtCqjO8IZ0wxPiNRLsPBsXGr1bFa6-kNwhjszIY4QKnLFn3M4TOETbew5jQGAjjkHTCJmVo816Py0chl84QpimtzryPVkQ5/s1600/13+Insulaires%252C+monuments.+l%2527Ile+de+Paque.+Duche+de+Vancy%252C+Gaspard%253B+La+Perouse%252C+Jean-Francois+de+Galaup%252C+comte+de.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="123" mda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwUttxjNI74Se8TG_l_EABBemFqQg_WWZ_y9rUdxtCqjO8IZ0wxPiNRLsPBsXGr1bFa6-kNwhjszIY4QKnLFn3M4TOETbew5jQGAjjkHTCJmVo816Py0chl84QpimtzryPVkQ5/s200/13+Insulaires%252C+monuments.+l%2527Ile+de+Paque.+Duche+de+Vancy%252C+Gaspard%253B+La+Perouse%252C+Jean-Francois+de+Galaup%252C+comte+de.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Atlas du voyage de la Pérouse. 1797</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">In 1786 Jean-François de la Pérouse visited Easter Island and his gardener declared that "three days' work a year" would be enough to support the population.</span></span></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Rollin, a major in the Pérouse expedition, wrote, "Instead of meeting with men exhausted by famine... I found, on the contrary, a considerable population, with more beauty and grace than I afterwards met in any other island; and a soil, which, with very little labor, furnished excellent provisions, and in an abundance more than sufficient for the consumption of the inhabitants.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">The British ship HMS Blossom arrived in 1825 and reported seeing no standing statues. Easter Island was approached many times during the 19th century, but by then the islanders had become openly hostile to any attempt to land, and very little new information was reported before the 1860s.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Moai</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLJaTq0cDTg2R0n-Gq7_3hGHrrBX58WetJ-plMEgDxUalJhBrKJzT0cwZn9BZP6mrA7uVesdH2y4pSNxF8K8IEiOu0brwrZY1pHFfxr8-3-Ej3K_Z9V2idzixHz4Tz6_kL1vKe/s1600/28+Monuments%252C+Easter+Island..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="131" mda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLJaTq0cDTg2R0n-Gq7_3hGHrrBX58WetJ-plMEgDxUalJhBrKJzT0cwZn9BZP6mrA7uVesdH2y4pSNxF8K8IEiOu0brwrZY1pHFfxr8-3-Ej3K_Z9V2idzixHz4Tz6_kL1vKe/s200/28+Monuments%252C+Easter+Island..jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Moai. Easter Island.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">James Cook. Voyage towards the South Pole. 1777</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Click to enlarge or download)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">"Moai" are some of the most incredible ancient relics ever discovered.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Although often identified as "Easter Island heads", the statues are actually torsos, with most of them ending at the top of the thighs. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The islanders call them "moai," and they have puzzled ethnographers, archaeologists, and visitors to the island since the first European explorers arrived here in 1722. In their isolation, why did the early Easter Islanders undertake this colossal statue-building effort? Unfortunately, there is no written record (and the oral history is scant) to help tell the story of this remote land, its people, and the significance of the nearly 900 giant moai that punctuate Easter Island's barren landscape.</span></span></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They stand with their backs to the sea and are believed by most archaeologists to represent the spirits of ancestors, chiefs, or other high-ranking males who held important positions in the history of Rapa Nui. The statues may have been created in the image of various paramount chiefs. They were not individualized portrait sculptures, but standardized representations of powerful individuals. The moai may also hold a sacred role in the life of the Rapa Nui, acting as ceremonial conduits for communication with the gods.</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Almost all (95%) moai were carved out of distinctive, compressed, easily worked solidified volcanic ash found at a single site inside the extinct volcano Rano Raraku. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The soft volcanic tuff was perfect material for statue carving. Using harder volcanic rock implements they were able to first sketch out the moai's outline in the rock wall and then systematically chip away at it until the moai was held in place by a thin "keel."</span></span></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ1dUtcDZcOslZfTbXdOqzA134qOT03-fUZh6VqBBI-YrBzfDjB0ajvH7skvIvNJ4hyphenhyphenQowlCk1uXKzrKxozSWtw1xsAtW39DXK7QsAOezA_icJ-uqGubiLx67CwQdi2pPhaT9I/s1600/14+Monuments%252C+l%2527Ile+de+Paque+details.+Bernizet%252C+Sebastien%253B+La+Perouse%252C+Jean-Francois+de+Galaup%252C+comte+de.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="120" mda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ1dUtcDZcOslZfTbXdOqzA134qOT03-fUZh6VqBBI-YrBzfDjB0ajvH7skvIvNJ4hyphenhyphenQowlCk1uXKzrKxozSWtw1xsAtW39DXK7QsAOezA_icJ-uqGubiLx67CwQdi2pPhaT9I/s200/14+Monuments%252C+l%2527Ile+de+Paque+details.+Bernizet%252C+Sebastien%253B+La+Perouse%252C+Jean-Francois+de+Galaup%252C+comte+de.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Monuments, L'Ille de Pâque, details.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Atlas du vogage de la Pérouse. 1797</span><br />
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</tbody></table><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The moai carvers were master craftsmen, they were ingenious in making the most out of sections of rock, moai can be seen carved in all directions in the cliff face. If a defect would appear in the rock the statue would be abandoned and they moved on to another area. They took advantage of fissures in the volcanic walls and also variations in colors. In short they were true artists.</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Finally when a statue was finished, it was broken off its keel and slid carefully down the slope using ropes tied to giant palm trunks which were sunk in specially prepared holes in rim of the crater. At the base of the crater they were raised up and final decorations were carved into its torso and back. Coral and obsidian eyes were placed in as a final touch, although some suggest these were only placed in the statues on special occasions. Preparation was then made for transport across the island to various ahu. The ahu were the ceremonial platforms built to support collections of moai.</span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">We can see the history of Easter Island is rich and controversial. Its inhabitants have endured famines, epidemics, civil war, slave raids, colonialism, and near deforestation; its population declined precipitously more than once.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Contacts with western “civilization”</span><a href="http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/contacts.html" title="Early Contacts with Western "Civilization" "></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> proved being even more disastrous for the island population through slavery and disease. In 1862 wave after wave of slave traders landed on Easter Island and took away all healthy individuals. In the space of one year, a level of injury, death and disease was inflicted on the population leaving a broken people, bereft of leadership. As their culture lay in disarray a new force entered the scene whose actions would forever deny the world of a true understanding of the Rapa Nui culture.<br />
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The missionaries arrived on Easter when the people were at their most vulnerable. With their society in ruins it did not take long to convert the population to Christianity. First to go was the islanders style of dress, or lack thereof. Tattooing and use of body paint were banned. Destruction of Rapa Nui artworks, buildings, and sacred objects, including most of the Rongo-rongo tablets - the key to understanding their history - was swift and complete. Islanders were forced off their ancestral lands and required to live in one small section of the island while the rest of the land was used for ranching.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Eventually all pure Rapa Nui blood died out. Annexation with</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Chile in 1888 brought new influences and population has risen to more than 2,000 and today there are only a few individuals left with ties to the original population.</span></span></div></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-55931175692797163992011-11-01T12:01:00.000-07:002011-11-01T13:09:15.913-07:00DANIEL PEREA Y ROJAS <br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> DANIEL PEREA Y ROJAS</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2rub2uf4mBsQPmZScaaozqhBpV-83zEwo5GksHn1IyN7TmJk5iokYgjcA2gNqVtk1GOpc26FTmlYWLYre1losiwTId6IbShfpCCpuXdhypGXKaB2IPJYnHqEnO5yS8XlhtBSv/s1600/5+Picador+citando+al+toro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="135" ida="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2rub2uf4mBsQPmZScaaozqhBpV-83zEwo5GksHn1IyN7TmJk5iokYgjcA2gNqVtk1GOpc26FTmlYWLYre1losiwTId6IbShfpCCpuXdhypGXKaB2IPJYnHqEnO5yS8XlhtBSv/s200/5+Picador+citando+al+toro.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to enlarge or download</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“Picador citando al toro”. It’s one of 17 beautiful sheets of bullfighting scenes drawn by Daniel Perea in his álbum “España. Toros”.</span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-aIKybm6MYyImk6-0VA9jHw8vxVBxZnUAQrgDPFt9zuecexPF8_39AcUBJ9AayZpB5-6TII5u0MIvV4fJokUQ0jgSxL6pcAtQ1mdB-VjJYtzQrWXDb9xmJQjCFSnAqYR6lLl1/s1600/9+Citando+a+banderillas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="136" ida="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-aIKybm6MYyImk6-0VA9jHw8vxVBxZnUAQrgDPFt9zuecexPF8_39AcUBJ9AayZpB5-6TII5u0MIvV4fJokUQ0jgSxL6pcAtQ1mdB-VjJYtzQrWXDb9xmJQjCFSnAqYR6lLl1/s200/9+Citando+a+banderillas.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Click to enlarge or download</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Daniel Perea y Rojas, deaf painter (1834-19099 is considered one of the most talented artists, publicity posters and lithographs of the second half of the nineteenth century.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Let’s consider briefly the history of Tauromachy engravings first. Previous to Mr. Perea, Antonio Carnicero was the first to show all the bullfight sequence from the beginning to the end with a graphic description of all the courses on it. It is the model that inspired all the subsequent artists.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The second great Tauromachy was Francisco de Goya’s dramatic illustrations, 40 etching pictures painted between 1814 and 1816.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA22qwocgphoJAiJJu6LKBYFl42cdQqKDkzEs8Y5Pd9cfFzhOAJgK8psSwYF0DcBBrUScrUQwbyzjAtQeGmErSe-j02R1fm69vjM54ZNbQDVR20bU5WGMh2bVcUuJsoK39aSAJ/s1600/El+Toro+salta+al+callej%25C3%25B3n+%252818--%2529+-+Perea%252C+Daniel+%25281834-1909%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="134" ida="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA22qwocgphoJAiJJu6LKBYFl42cdQqKDkzEs8Y5Pd9cfFzhOAJgK8psSwYF0DcBBrUScrUQwbyzjAtQeGmErSe-j02R1fm69vjM54ZNbQDVR20bU5WGMh2bVcUuJsoK39aSAJ/s200/El+Toro+salta+al+callej%25C3%25B3n+%252818--%2529+-+Perea%252C+Daniel+%25281834-1909%2529.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">At the middle of the nineteenth century, Gustave Doré stood out in France while in Spain<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the presence of the excellent watercolourist<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daniel Perea was remarkable. He was an illustrator for “La Lidia” magazine, one of the first and more significant taurine publications of the time. This magazine introduced important technological innovations such as chromolithography, that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>improved colour and strokes in pictures. In an age when photography did not exist, the work of these artists became the only graphic elements available to give evidence about what was happening in the bullfighting rings.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">In the twentieth century, another great Tauromachy flourished, Pablo Picasso’s 26 aquatint illustrations. And finally I must mention the outstanding twenty first century taurine artist José María Guerrero Medina. His Tauromachy is composed by 12 etching engravings remembering Picasso and inspired by José Tomás.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-v6IbD4RtIGR380uRjoBQ4yIk1VXvh0zewCu8bCX9pGLu3RGqUcHWeYUBOhptmUo1XkrOQmxr6ydNIEPHbBBelD8eGCUVigayrfdWdhshOW-XEtL1qtxu_Cw40ySeZ94SlzB/s1600/9+Salida+del+toro.+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="142" ida="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-v6IbD4RtIGR380uRjoBQ4yIk1VXvh0zewCu8bCX9pGLu3RGqUcHWeYUBOhptmUo1XkrOQmxr6ydNIEPHbBBelD8eGCUVigayrfdWdhshOW-XEtL1qtxu_Cw40ySeZ94SlzB/s200/9+Salida+del+toro.+2.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVthebYvu3eUdHJPNOotcCVbSeCCFj6411sOwTJJ33c89KtMwyD_ONHnyn21Y82_eycZ6J6_Lq2zFyipptWBvtGM8SbAfMLlfCMsEgxb3yNLrCrB-b8vAWr37tFyHTDWQsFHbs/s1600/9+Salida+del+toro.+texto.+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="138" ida="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVthebYvu3eUdHJPNOotcCVbSeCCFj6411sOwTJJ33c89KtMwyD_ONHnyn21Y82_eycZ6J6_Lq2zFyipptWBvtGM8SbAfMLlfCMsEgxb3yNLrCrB-b8vAWr37tFyHTDWQsFHbs/s200/9+Salida+del+toro.+texto.+2.jpg" width="200" /></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">As for Daniel Perea’s other works, I will mention “A los toros”. It is an album composed of 28 black watercolour sheets of the entire course of a bullfight, together with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4 page song with chromolith illustrations in the margins, “La Marcha de la Manolería”, from la zarzuela “Pan y toros”. It contains explanations of the scenes on the opposing page in Spanish, French and English. Each illustration is also printed with parallel text in these languages.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The plates from this album are also available in colour. It is a collection of 24 lithographs without the explanations and with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>captions just in Spanish.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiugCRM4PEDUsfDuFY_gzJZ2HKXuWHd7cjYtBe4v_6QtiX_TH2zQiEgorm6IZB-g8npAs6tTFwDdg50NO3qXjAZpciNevNt9iIjHsB4Q116x8JRT_oI-rafHFUadaEZX2158JQF/s1600/Cogida+%252818--%2529+-+Perea%252C+Daniel+%25281834-1909%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="133" ida="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiugCRM4PEDUsfDuFY_gzJZ2HKXuWHd7cjYtBe4v_6QtiX_TH2zQiEgorm6IZB-g8npAs6tTFwDdg50NO3qXjAZpciNevNt9iIjHsB4Q116x8JRT_oI-rafHFUadaEZX2158JQF/s200/Cogida+%252818--%2529+-+Perea%252C+Daniel+%25281834-1909%2529.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">As I have these albums, if any of you are interested in these illustrations, just email me and I will give you all the digitalized copies on them in jpg format. (Until the end of November 2011). After this date, you will have to pay for them a small price –let’s say, 1€ for black and white digital copies, 3€ for coloured ones. I will donate the money to charities or to any educational project.</span></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-23734915365819667712011-09-05T11:25:00.000-07:002011-09-05T13:01:47.184-07:00The Ascent of Money<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy093P44jXMtOa_E0-6i6zj65sy-eJzWpGU-q-IIF8k0dhfqc_oS3KZ5ZTH5tSBAnFLgbZXMjVCSjCAYYmq1ybm12GHUyaJ71pJuWjz-sMfRleP7Vs9j9bHvM49JuLYL3jI_X3/s1600/niall+fergusson3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy093P44jXMtOa_E0-6i6zj65sy-eJzWpGU-q-IIF8k0dhfqc_oS3KZ5ZTH5tSBAnFLgbZXMjVCSjCAYYmq1ybm12GHUyaJ71pJuWjz-sMfRleP7Vs9j9bHvM49JuLYL3jI_X3/s1600/niall+fergusson3.jpg" xaa="true" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicv525ckeIXks8DDln2C69aKpP7t5soKcU-ZoFZzLfzrUGCLk9_VKtAa07Mg7NhDs4v026GdxQ5ubpwA-Iy49NxHKeSKdKgibQyTUZXEwUeSuM1jI6TlUvnSvcGXB1ZIELOsDc/s1600/niall+fergusson2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicv525ckeIXks8DDln2C69aKpP7t5soKcU-ZoFZzLfzrUGCLk9_VKtAa07Mg7NhDs4v026GdxQ5ubpwA-Iy49NxHKeSKdKgibQyTUZXEwUeSuM1jI6TlUvnSvcGXB1ZIELOsDc/s1600/niall+fergusson2.jpg" xaa="true" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I read the book<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Ascent of Money: </b></span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1594201927/ref=as_li_ss_til?tag=braipick-20&camp=213381&creative=390973&linkCode=as4&creativeASIN=1594201927&adid=14GPKVSKEZJYG2GSBHCN&" target="_blank"><em><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Financial History of the World</span></span></b></em></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by Harvard historian <strong><span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Niall Ferguson</span></strong> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as part of my summer reading and I also watched the documentaries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s interesting to see the rise and fall of different countries based solely on whether someone could get a loan.</span></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From its opening sentence, </span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot, lucre, moolah, readies, the wherewithal: call it what you like, money matters.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To Christians, love of it is the root of all evil. To generals, it's the sinews of war. To revolutionaries, it's the chains of labor.”…</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To its final text,</span></span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“There are those who talk about the death of capitalism or the end of free markets, as if the state were somehow an alternative to financial markets. The historical reality, as should by now be clear, is that states and financial markets have always existed in a symbiotic relationship. Indeed, without the exigencies of public finance, much of the financial innovation that produced central banks, the bond market and the stock market would never have ocurred. I remain more than ever convinced that, until we fully understand the origin of financial species, we shall never understand the fundamental truth about money : that , far from being´a monster that must be put back in it´s place (as Merkel recently said) , financial markets are like the mirror of mankind, revealing every hour of every working day the way we value ourselves and the resources of the world around us. </span></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It´s not the fault<span style="background-color: white;"> of the</span> mirror if it reflects our blemishes as clearly as our beauty.”.</span></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQHemYN5YrePI9J2cJOdO-sDmK1Ic_TSGMUa6eMARxTYTXhhv7qKtTCXJuWBNbWZ2Cv34tnauRtATDpO7hlUpp6rK3NnTcyB7xxcVzDRWSDkF-7rVFc05LjCmmhaDtzhUwqWN/s1600/niall_fergusson_portrait_155x232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQHemYN5YrePI9J2cJOdO-sDmK1Ic_TSGMUa6eMARxTYTXhhv7qKtTCXJuWBNbWZ2Cv34tnauRtATDpO7hlUpp6rK3NnTcyB7xxcVzDRWSDkF-7rVFc05LjCmmhaDtzhUwqWN/s1600/niall_fergusson_portrait_155x232.jpg" xaa="true" /></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Professor Niall Ferguson </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">traces the evolution of money, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">showing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that finance is in fact the foundation of human progress</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and suggests that financial history is the fundamental background to <i>all</i> history. “From Mesopotamia right down to day, the ascent of money has been an indispensable part of the ascent of Man,” he says, adding: “Without the invention of credit, the entire economic history of our world would have been impossible.”</span></span></div><div class="font-null" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Money, such a simple word, is at the very core of our relations. It must rank as oneof the great inventions of our species, alongside the division of labour and the wheel. </span></div><div class="font-null" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So we march with money through time. From the Roman denarius, still circulating in Europe in the early Middle Ages, through the development of the loan sharks in northern Italy into the first real bankers; from the rise of Amsterdam as the world's financial capital and the gradual shift of its techniques to London; from the Rothschilds, who did not, as is popularly supposed, make a great coup out of using carrier pigeons to learn the result of the battle of Waterloo before anyone else, but rather from a huge subsequent gamble on the price of government securities; to the first great age of market capitalism during the 19th century; and to the booms and busts of the modern world. </span></div><div class="font-null" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What I find especially interesting about <i>The Ascent of Money</i> is the way in which it ties together bits of history that are largely unrelated in my mind and </span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ferguson's ability to link the past with the present – particularly helpful right now. For example, he draws a parallel between international investment during the last great burst of globalisation from 1870 to 1914 and the massive international capital flows of the present global era. The difference was that during the 19th century it was mostly a case of the developed world, Britain, France and other European nations, financing infrastructure in developing countries, now it is a still-developing country, China, financing consumption in the US. The author coined the term<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"Chimerica", which he describes as "the wonderful dual country ... which accounts for just over a 10th of the world's land surface, a quarter of its population, a third of its economic output and more than half of global economic growth in the past eight years". </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I found this section of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Chimerica” especially fascinating. I was surprised to see the power of saving money which is demonstrated by the recent descent in US economic power and position in relation to China. It is also surprising that China is becoming the “World Bank” in such a short period of time.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">This is one<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of my favorite documentaries. I've developed a greater understanding of the development of “money” and the emergence of global finance. A must watch for everybody.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Enjoy Episode 6 of The Ascent of Money documentary.</span><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ce97arJNKio?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-53069992565056939292011-06-28T22:35:00.000-07:002011-06-28T22:35:29.554-07:00Leonardo Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonardo Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMhnaAIJfFpwbrdRAI0426W2z84yP5xM4YVLDbdg71TNsxKSDJvMfW1S6wOsr_p6s3rGN-BZPT9H9bdiWpUsBuN6VLG5-UL7k_V_C4XsxjMWLYr_ItmoKQHWbU29vKHYDkg_hs/s1600/Vitruvian+Man+.+Leonardo+da+Vinci.+1490.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMhnaAIJfFpwbrdRAI0426W2z84yP5xM4YVLDbdg71TNsxKSDJvMfW1S6wOsr_p6s3rGN-BZPT9H9bdiWpUsBuN6VLG5-UL7k_V_C4XsxjMWLYr_ItmoKQHWbU29vKHYDkg_hs/s320/Vitruvian+Man+.+Leonardo+da+Vinci.+1490.jpg" width="235" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">Vitruvian Man. Leonardo da Vinci. 1490</span></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter 1 “On Symmetry in Temples and in the Human Body” from Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, describing the perfect human form in geometrical terms, was the source of inspiration for numerous Renaissance artists. The architect proposed that a properly constructed temple should reflect and relate to the parts of the human body. He noted that a human body can be symmetrically inscribed within both a circle and a square, the perfect geometric forms. But only one of these Renaissance artists, the incomparable Leonardo da Vinci, succeeded in correctly illustrating the proportions outlined in Vitruvius’ work <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Architectura </i>and the result became his most famous illustration and one of the most recognized drawings in the world, The Vitruvian Man, named in honour of the architect.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This renowned drawing was completed in 1490 and it is accompanied by hand writing notes based on the work of Vitruvius surrounding the figure. It is a pen ink drawing on paper depicting a nude male figure whose outstretched limbs touch the circumference of a circle and the edges of a square. His navel falls in the exact center of the circle, but this depends on the position of the arms and legs and when the figure is in standing position, when the figure is “squared”, the center of gravity becomes the phallus which is, concerning this drawing from the compositional point of view, more important, since it is the center of the underlying geometry that outlines the basic features of the figure.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The fundamental composition consists of a circle, a square and a triangle, a sigillum known to magicians and alchemists, although the compositional triangle on this drawing is concealed.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The drawing is stored in the Gallerie dell’ Accademia in Venice, Italy and it is only displayed occasionally like most works on paper.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Other artists and architects had attempted to depict Vitruvius’ theory<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prior to Leonardo with less success. Da Vinci's drawing differs from the previous works in that the male figure adopts two different positions within the same image. He is simultaneously within the circle and the square; movement and liveliness are suggested by the figure's active arms and legs. Leonardo's figure appears as a living being with unruly hair, distinct facial features and a strong build. While the subject is lively, thin lines on his form show the significant points of the proportion scheme., showing da Vinci's concern with the architectural meaning of the work. Leonardo is representing the body as a building and illustrating Renaissance theory which linked the proportions of the human body with architectural planning.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It is apparent that da Vinci wrote the text surrounding the figure in Vitruvian Man alter creating the drawing, as the words are tailored to the contours of the circle and the square. The presence of text</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;"> legitimates the image; the authority of Vitruvius explains why Leonardo created the drawing. The image is not, however, simply an illustration of the text. Words and image interact in the work and the significance of the piece lies in the connection between the two. By combing text and illustration, da Vinci evokes a meaning which could not be created through words or image alone.</span></span></span></span></div><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The text accompanying leonardo’s drawing is the complete translation into Italian from the Latin of Vitruvius, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De architecture </i>, Book III of X, chapter 1, as da Vinci’s drawing was originally an illustration for a book on the works of Vitruvius. It says: </span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The measurements of the human body are distributed by Nature as follows that is that 4 fingers make 1 palm, and 4 palms make 1 foot, 6 palms make 1 cubit; 4 cubits make a man's height. And 4 cubits make one pace and 24 palms make a man; and these measures he used in his buildings. If you open your legs so much as to decrease your height 1/14 and spread and raise your arms till your middle fingers touch the level of the top of your head you must know that the centre of the outspread limbs will be in the navel and the space between the legs will be an equilateral triangle.<br />
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The length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his height.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKWFL5_Agycw4LrE5UFuM3w_GbrIzaS1vJf3CL5Eaq84x-evPjMspTZ2DeEGe155OqIdRjFnUcfuIjQ09aU30B_5-ErkqPcRGnkvSHpE-fWVGX3zv6ncDgeccfOjK4yz1WSBsm/s1600/leonardo_self-portrait.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKWFL5_Agycw4LrE5UFuM3w_GbrIzaS1vJf3CL5Eaq84x-evPjMspTZ2DeEGe155OqIdRjFnUcfuIjQ09aU30B_5-ErkqPcRGnkvSHpE-fWVGX3zv6ncDgeccfOjK4yz1WSBsm/s320/leonardo_self-portrait.jpg" width="208" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">Leonardo da Vinci's self portrait</span></td></tr>
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<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;">From the roots of the hair to the bottom of the chin is the tenth of a man's height; from the bottom of the chin to the top of his head is one eighth of his height; from the top of the breast to the top of his head will be one sixth of a man. From the top of the breast to the roots of the hair will be the seventh part of the whole man. From the nipples to the top of the head will be the fourth part of a man. The greatest width of the shoulders contains in itself the fourth part of the man. From the elbow to the tip of the hand will be the fifth part of a man; and from the elbow to the angle of the armpit will be the eighth part of the man. The whole hand will be the tenth part of the man; the beginning of the genitals marks the middle of the man. The foot is the seventh part of the man. </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Vitruvian Man's importance lies in its clear reflection of the ideas of its time. It demonstrates the enthusiasm for the theories of Vitruvius among da Vinci and his contemporaries. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Many theories abound about this work, secret meanings and astrological and mystical interpretations of the sketch but I think it is a geometrical study that has stood the test of time, though I am fascinated by the product of the greatest Renaissance artist, scientist, mathematician, inventor, anatomist and engineer, LEONARDO DA VINCI. Enjoy it!</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-77243690335795864382011-05-29T00:22:00.000-07:002011-05-29T03:58:06.244-07:00Carlos Núñez live at IES Val do Tea<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2TmeyfajUMmCz6G3IsPJsJmXMXAQ_KiZZmZQFzRw_9oruWApok0ym2YptB-J1-bZcIodvy5guuVKrJMFHg-VZwoyoz55ir1fSw_NCkHFTwl1kXr_vomX5p6O4ObFh0eWOOtRg/s1600/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+027.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612044688364181378" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2TmeyfajUMmCz6G3IsPJsJmXMXAQ_KiZZmZQFzRw_9oruWApok0ym2YptB-J1-bZcIodvy5guuVKrJMFHg-VZwoyoz55ir1fSw_NCkHFTwl1kXr_vomX5p6O4ObFh0eWOOtRg/s400/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+027.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><span style="font-size:130%;">Last Thursday Carlos Núñez, the worldwide famous Galician bagpipe player, visited our school IES Val do Tea. Needless to say it was a great event for everybody but mainly for students.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1rr-4UFpFUGzsjWZ3lDkejs4aEjHWaQWZTzmdeTEQgsOfbuROYcHVIXtGQi7Q9pILAUeRlyc0vBmyirPsjA_EzbA6rwutfpvSo6MvqDFPcxh75PBpYL7WJ2L0W7SNF43MIBFD/s1600/DSC00655-crop-crop.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 155px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612088273186421426" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1rr-4UFpFUGzsjWZ3lDkejs4aEjHWaQWZTzmdeTEQgsOfbuROYcHVIXtGQi7Q9pILAUeRlyc0vBmyirPsjA_EzbA6rwutfpvSo6MvqDFPcxh75PBpYL7WJ2L0W7SNF43MIBFD/s320/DSC00655-crop-crop.JPG" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><span style="font-size:130%;">They were looking forward to it eagerly and they had prepared a welcome poster and some projects about him.</span><br /></div></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXEen3vd3pcsiRunKJpX7-GSjK8Pf38_eu0iS9I-1y5hEHnnuh4mOehYu0oUTQpOrLFU7W5_w2UYJQEPxhAblqVCyy2BXK4FzuDhYxv7EOeJwXW_FBPHiXDiWPns8_TTAxN8NG/s1600/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+030.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 150px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612037510608414722" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXEen3vd3pcsiRunKJpX7-GSjK8Pf38_eu0iS9I-1y5hEHnnuh4mOehYu0oUTQpOrLFU7W5_w2UYJQEPxhAblqVCyy2BXK4FzuDhYxv7EOeJwXW_FBPHiXDiWPns8_TTAxN8NG/s200/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+030.jpg" /></a></span></p><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612038394658919554" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6izVD21dVC7chMp-ygCqBt_i919bLmknCqDQnt_wtuVFUwzpOHK5S0lqRdFysQ-JvlvExfGegj4HYbtcQqodtpUxqRuor9yFO6tRKbPYNxCm1gc7OlYNTltL14QF1sq4D_mjy/s200/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+031.jpg" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbxfE4U4wvHKpa-CgSmxDNaP7RrbV4-Ao6FGFP0iN3UyukFmbp45Gs0Lyn_9mNrLTrTxFMpd4QhgAqinMk4x1sbXsPbw2EIuvs1AEqvMI3Qp0EOvs0YrarAnkDPuLXoGjLRta2/s1600/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+045.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 200px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612039835720831746" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbxfE4U4wvHKpa-CgSmxDNaP7RrbV4-Ao6FGFP0iN3UyukFmbp45Gs0Lyn_9mNrLTrTxFMpd4QhgAqinMk4x1sbXsPbw2EIuvs1AEqvMI3Qp0EOvs0YrarAnkDPuLXoGjLRta2/s200/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+045.jpg" /></a><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612039223923934866" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk6vSWMy9MOurH58flTjHLoa8rkad1c-xIzj2vP6XWQiYB-eVm8OMa4MBY9pu-J37sX16HrphYGpk8dKZsVrtVrOlJaoWrOwLcyUnJvJZrEVPWP6rTK3cWYYuQ1fH92lIzS4SP/s200/Carlos+N%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B1ez+043.jpg" /> <span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDok-PCVzBkyByVD7z9sDAR3Jrx5Ah6TvYasa-dhek_HUtwjceI6RDS0-IPY-LqUSA2HRzYIuELl5BArspteBzUNMnRbgoOskSi_luf_QsuFg0rdbW6To0Abi1i1p5SrHXgB1t/s1600/DSC00644-crop.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 277px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612043388225159362" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDok-PCVzBkyByVD7z9sDAR3Jrx5Ah6TvYasa-dhek_HUtwjceI6RDS0-IPY-LqUSA2HRzYIuELl5BArspteBzUNMnRbgoOskSi_luf_QsuFg0rdbW6To0Abi1i1p5SrHXgB1t/s400/DSC00644-crop.JPG" /></a><br /><br />He did not disappoint anybody. He offered us all his best in two sessions with our school auditorium overflowed with students.<br />He gave an interesting talk about the musical and linguistic links between Brazil and Galicia showing us an outstanding video recorded while he was preparing his last album “Alborada do Brasil”. He answered lots of student questions, played the flute beautifully for them and finally he signed some “Alborada do Brasil” CDs that the scho<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSCQsn3oXz929vmfz-3aP4uFyeD-dJhqKrE_ymDZqg8IBYr1zOM-ooA0o6h_zuvD3OhB8wK2C-yCj4f9j4vAG973gEKndh5tBmPmeSGFnAYLg_hSWsTMG0G-GUZSHFSkj5GMlq/s1600/CARLOS+NU%25C3%2591EZ+1.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 283px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612044098327282098" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSCQsn3oXz929vmfz-3aP4uFyeD-dJhqKrE_ymDZqg8IBYr1zOM-ooA0o6h_zuvD3OhB8wK2C-yCj4f9j4vAG973gEKndh5tBmPmeSGFnAYLg_hSWsTMG0G-GUZSHFSkj5GMlq/s400/CARLOS+NU%25C3%2591EZ+1.jpg" /></a>ol had previously drawn among students.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />He also gave a signed poster to IES Val do Tea.<br />Our students from the school choir and the bagpipe and muñeira dance group delighted us with their performances.<br />It was a memorable and unforgettable day for our students and I’d like to highly appreciate the great effort Carlos Núñez did to be with us.<br />Thanks a lot!<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br />And now, enjoy the video recorded live at IES Val do Tea. (Pity, it is not a good quality, as he deserves)</span><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyR7lHpHfa9Ffxm1it-A42Z8p8GAT2BkP0cjZtO6CifmfMiM1Rd-WOKYeaCS-ENdvfpvCQiW5OuPT4' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-3407461779621241972011-05-17T09:22:00.000-07:002011-05-19T12:02:37.867-07:00TRAJE SALMANTINO. GRABADOS. TRAJE CHARRO<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3hF1j5eJtdNW9TOiz-bolXb6_ElfwkNEj2upEiQBBY-_MK_tC_GMAvDLgczUmwaED1enkEr5Qr4b1HCWFFYoJJOybSYbkDKv_9iglNdlJJhGntXPw3p3jNcbbJ3yyntEUuCSw/s1600/Imagen+607.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 202px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607723322415227730" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3hF1j5eJtdNW9TOiz-bolXb6_ElfwkNEj2upEiQBBY-_MK_tC_GMAvDLgczUmwaED1enkEr5Qr4b1HCWFFYoJJOybSYbkDKv_9iglNdlJJhGntXPw3p3jNcbbJ3yyntEUuCSw/s320/Imagen+607.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Ésta es una entrada muy larga porque quiero reflejar la evolución del traje salmantino hasta el actual traje charro basándome en grabados existentes desde el siglo XVIII.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Los primeros grabados del traje de Salamanca aparecieron en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII realizados por el ilustrador madrileño Juan de la Cruz Cano y Olmedilla en su obra “Colección de trajes de España tanto antiguos como modernos, que comprehende todos los de sus Dominios: Dividido en dos Volúmenes, con ocho quadernos de á doze estampas cada uno”. La primera edición apareció en Madrid el año 1777. Este tipo de estampas eran muy comunes en Francia donde el Marqués de la Ensenada había enviado a Cruz Cano para que aprendiera las técnicas del grabado. Esta obra tuvo un éxito inmediato tanto en España como en el extranjero .<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUAdixCj4ogQXVU77asjdwS5I59mZzlArZlkTXg8AJTNBdVXqzJGzWJkxoDFy6HoVWySftneHEWFVTA3XomH6hMT5daMVozfulGPNSmPfvEm5GwzjqbHiproOb7JpVdeSPT9T1/s1600/Aldeano+charro+de+los+caser%25C3%25ADos+de+Salamanca+%253D+Villageois+des+hameaux+de+Salamanque.+Juan+de+la+Cruz+Cano+y+Olmedilla.1777.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 203px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 339px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607735777209468210" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUAdixCj4ogQXVU77asjdwS5I59mZzlArZlkTXg8AJTNBdVXqzJGzWJkxoDFy6HoVWySftneHEWFVTA3XomH6hMT5daMVozfulGPNSmPfvEm5GwzjqbHiproOb7JpVdeSPT9T1/s400/Aldeano+charro+de+los+caser%25C3%25ADos+de+Salamanca+%253D+Villageois+des+hameaux+de+Salamanque.+Juan+de+la+Cruz+Cano+y+Olmedilla.1777.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRvvEx1nYuKWUBsksqmxnvr2lzmsP2Hx_G0DgJwPYVDiOBs_K9w8wlzaiH0ajiuH8kozK3gRpfyf2Bg4T6vcSceIC8_xmJyGfTp4dHPo-kTc3vwObN0AoxhKiUmFaFK_Msnb_/s1600/aldeana+de+salamanca.+juan+de+la+cruz+cano+y+olmedilla+%255BTama%25C3%25B1o+Original%255D.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 203px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 328px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607724827794752610" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRvvEx1nYuKWUBsksqmxnvr2lzmsP2Hx_G0DgJwPYVDiOBs_K9w8wlzaiH0ajiuH8kozK3gRpfyf2Bg4T6vcSceIC8_xmJyGfTp4dHPo-kTc3vwObN0AoxhKiUmFaFK_Msnb_/s400/aldeana+de+salamanca.+juan+de+la+cruz+cano+y+olmedilla+%255BTama%25C3%25B1o+Original%255D.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRvvEx1nYuKWUBsksqmxnvr2lzmsP2Hx_G0DgJwPYVDiOBs_K9w8wlzaiH0ajiuH8kozK3gRpfyf2Bg4T6vcSceIC8_xmJyGfTp4dHPo-kTc3vwObN0AoxhKiUmFaFK_Msnb_/s1600/aldeana+de+salamanca.+juan+de+la+cruz+cano+y+olmedilla+%255BTama%25C3%25B1o+Original%255D.jpg"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRvvEx1nYuKWUBsksqmxnvr2lzmsP2Hx_G0DgJwPYVDiOBs_K9w8wlzaiH0ajiuH8kozK3gRpfyf2Bg4T6vcSceIC8_xmJyGfTp4dHPo-kTc3vwObN0AoxhKiUmFaFK_Msnb_/s1600/aldeana+de+salamanca.+juan+de+la+cruz+cano+y+olmedilla+%255BTama%25C3%25B1o+Original%255D.jpg"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p>Cruz Cano presenta a la mujer salmantina como “aldeana charra del partido de Salamanca” y al hombre como “aldeano de los caseríos de Salamanca”. Estas dos láminas están publicadas con los números 23 y 24. No se trata del traje charro como lo conocemos actualmente sino uno más de “los trajes más normales de la plebe del Reino, nos dice el autor.<br />Otros grabad<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhNrJd6eV-0wkJGo8Z0CctbJWTgmYVoAeWM90DFhOSxLD6iQODj7uXHzTEsYBnXTdISwArN3UBITc9ZfBsOC41m1YseECnlepJoPGtE_WHMhyphenhyphen6bzpZvpXdJlDOaKztsSXJpMbd/s1600/Homme+de+Salamaque.+J.+Laroque.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 261px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607726148463821858" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhNrJd6eV-0wkJGo8Z0CctbJWTgmYVoAeWM90DFhOSxLD6iQODj7uXHzTEsYBnXTdISwArN3UBITc9ZfBsOC41m1YseECnlepJoPGtE_WHMhyphenhyphen6bzpZvpXdJlDOaKztsSXJpMbd/s400/Homme+de+Salamaque.+J.+Laroque.jpg" /></a>os definen al traje salmantino como “de los alrededores”, “de las cercanías”, “del partido”, “del distrito” o simplemente hombre o mujer de Salamanca. Términos bastante imprecisos para localizar exactamente el lugar, por lo que se deduce que debía comprender una comarca bastante amplia alrededor de Salamanca.<br />De estos grabados voy a considerar brevemente algunos que nos permitan analizar el traje usado generalmente en la comarca de Salamanca y nos permita observar su evolución hacia el traje charro actual.<br />J. Laroque realizó los grabados ”Homme de Salamanque” y “Femme de Salamanque” en 1796 muy semejantes a los grabados de Cano y Olmedilla, al igual que otro grabado con el mismo nombre “Femme de Salamanque” de 1792 realizado por S. Sauveur que apareció en “Modes et Costume Historique” de los hermanos Pauquet. En estos grabados, el hombre aparece con pelo largo atado y viste las siguientes prendas: sombrero, capa, jubón de manga rajada con botonadura delantera, calzón hasta la rodilla ceñido con cinta o mediavaca de cuero, medias, zapatos llanos con tacón bajo y pala achatada y polainas. La mujer viste sombrero de calidad entref<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbihnseTijSEoMIZqHcykYgWdFiwJh5J_A_BSt04EekRv_BqTQRYS-e-3xfKJlnAzsxMdQBm7S__hxAolgK6ZkUgVDETViIszfjTIxOHVIDHkdZlUhyphenhyphenwEC6Ds__ydF6wcC7yLA/s1600/femme+de+salamanque.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 252px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607726496527172978" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbihnseTijSEoMIZqHcykYgWdFiwJh5J_A_BSt04EekRv_BqTQRYS-e-3xfKJlnAzsxMdQBm7S__hxAolgK6ZkUgVDETViIszfjTIxOHVIDHkdZlUhyphenhyphenwEC6Ds__ydF6wcC7yLA/s400/femme+de+salamanque.jpg" /></a>ina de ala mediana, casco chato y adornado, manta o pañuelo de cabeza abrochado a la sobarba, cae sobre el pecho y resguarda los hombros (esta prenda desaparece en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX), pañuelo de hombros, camisa o jubón de faldillas con mangas abullonadas que se ajusta con un ceñidor, presenta labores con motivos tradicionales de flores y animales. Sayas y manteos, el cimero abierto por detrás dejando ver los medianeros y bajeros guarnecidos de ribetes y listones en colores contrastados, mandil o picote avarillado con guarnición en las esquinas y calzado de tipo abotinado con tacón no alto. En cuanto a las joyas todavía muestran un uso moderado de alhajas, se limitan a unos collares y pendientes. Son joyas discretas, opuestas al ostentoso aderezo que se oficializó unos cien años más tarde.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC8ugp-sqsL2EiQLu98PTPWlIYc1xO1uG876507w5xEojH7wfEMUhLmuU4F3YvtvSUMq3lVAExiuY-bcFYO1u__r0ET49wgT1JjwDlwTpNZsHFjc4jNcbsxEqutJAXErTt1gqO/s1600/Servant+girls+of+Salamanca+%2528April+24+1809%2529+-+Clark%252C+I.+%2528S.+XIX%2529.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 281px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607748538122147058" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC8ugp-sqsL2EiQLu98PTPWlIYc1xO1uG876507w5xEojH7wfEMUhLmuU4F3YvtvSUMq3lVAExiuY-bcFYO1u__r0ET49wgT1JjwDlwTpNZsHFjc4jNcbsxEqutJAXErTt1gqO/s400/Servant+girls+of+Salamanca+%2528April+24+1809%2529+-+Clark%252C+I.+%2528S.+XIX%2529.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Ya a principios del siglo XIX encontramos más grabados representativos del traje usado en Salamanca. “Servant girls of Salamanca” y “Paysan du district de Salamanque) de 1809 de I. Clark basado en las acuarelas del pintor y viajero inglés W. Bradford.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><br />En 1825 el grabador Edné Jean Pigal realiza “Villageouse des environs de Salamanque”, conserva<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHZdKu4Q8HKhFDEC_RmCTnnGS6YWDXoltL6NfNNwKx1p8hlvlW0rwFdj1aqnjpnul7odtwVW_-hMxVeclzhTe3XKSWb-wcjIc1J5Jn8aTpZIgroZwq0fWMZ9ISFQV1RHoOqAWr/s1600/Villageoise+des+environs+de+Salamanque+%253D+Aldeana+de+las+cercan%25C3%25ADas+de+Salamanca+%2528ca.+1825%2529+-+Pigal%252C+Edm%25C3%25A9+Jean+%25281798-1872%2529.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 312px; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607729339460418290" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHZdKu4Q8HKhFDEC_RmCTnnGS6YWDXoltL6NfNNwKx1p8hlvlW0rwFdj1aqnjpnul7odtwVW_-hMxVeclzhTe3XKSWb-wcjIc1J5Jn8aTpZIgroZwq0fWMZ9ISFQV1RHoOqAWr/s400/Villageoise+des+environs+de+Salamanque+%253D+Aldeana+de+las+cercan%25C3%25ADas+de+Salamanca+%2528ca.+1825%2529+-+Pigal%252C+Edm%25C3%25A9+Jean+%25281798-1872%2529.jpg" /></a><br /><br />aún el pañuelo de cabeza atado<br />a la barbilla y cubriendo los hombros pero el mandil está ya más adornado que los grabados anteriores y se va acercando al mandil charro.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiavvI8LkeICG7ek0JrrMfjkrTvoBevvjj69nJn7mn7gth3ubw2mCbNuVFZE7HD9krw2ZqqgjRkeZTMtuBhMSVWk4QVfJfrypusSdFFmu6eFLkOSdpkNbt1_qqMmRbUf-MxERGM/s1600/Costume+de+Salamanque.+Louis+Marie+Lant%25C3%25A9.1827.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 264px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608468780049635746" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiavvI8LkeICG7ek0JrrMfjkrTvoBevvjj69nJn7mn7gth3ubw2mCbNuVFZE7HD9krw2ZqqgjRkeZTMtuBhMSVWk4QVfJfrypusSdFFmu6eFLkOSdpkNbt1_qqMmRbUf-MxERGM/s400/Costume+de+Salamanque.+Louis+Marie+Lant%25C3%25A9.1827.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />El ilustrador y pintor francés Louis-Marie Lanté trabajaba para la revista “Journal des dames et des modes” y realizó unas ilustraciones del vestido regional popular de Francia y otros países. En 1827 publicó los grabados “Costume de Salamanque” y dos versiones diferentes de “Servante de Salamanque”, una de ellas una copia de Bradford.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzi8xJZm9KKxEoOw6FUAu4nQoGnS6mSiB-lYHK7BD70AU7fM0unvIubB7kBM1_6yqHY-CS5EKFElxtQ7kDEdtLQjd0Zrbydq_V-eaonj0nMCGqNQZlT37aPtc61ZiYPkzSavLa/s1600/servante+de+salamanque.+Louis+Marie+Lant%25C3%25A9.+1827.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 211px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607731266975169378" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzi8xJZm9KKxEoOw6FUAu4nQoGnS6mSiB-lYHK7BD70AU7fM0unvIubB7kBM1_6yqHY-CS5EKFElxtQ7kDEdtLQjd0Zrbydq_V-eaonj0nMCGqNQZlT37aPtc61ZiYPkzSavLa/s320/servante+de+salamanque.+Louis+Marie+Lant%25C3%25A9.+1827.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoC6_5VnBMvhsoHC3tGjTKfmdan7wtWmO1drBg2kEmvRdNe_hif98D1C1m2GI3JgteDdYlWp3h0U0nPBJwMPaRMUr-1p3WMkH6kL576_Jn7OXoo2Wuow5labOxp4eIPlk7gXqx/s1600/servante+de+Salamanque.+Louis+Marie+Lant%25C3%25A9.1827.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 211px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607732083372895250" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoC6_5VnBMvhsoHC3tGjTKfmdan7wtWmO1drBg2kEmvRdNe_hif98D1C1m2GI3JgteDdYlWp3h0U0nPBJwMPaRMUr-1p3WMkH6kL576_Jn7OXoo2Wuow5labOxp4eIPlk7gXqx/s320/servante+de+Salamanque.+Louis+Marie+Lant%25C3%25A9.1827.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA9NfEdRbj1zm9gKYyv27LnqcgoieCZNrgSvrSgzTtwy55uRJOZgxHUsDxLspF1JKkmTTYUQWHjoOGkA567d7CqYw7JF8jhRcX61BSIt9ylauQ7x_svdNMiEFhMPp2dWkbFhld/s1600/Femme+des+environs+de+Salamanque+%25281848%2529+-+Clerman+%2528Paris%2529.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 266px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607733385172004674" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA9NfEdRbj1zm9gKYyv27LnqcgoieCZNrgSvrSgzTtwy55uRJOZgxHUsDxLspF1JKkmTTYUQWHjoOGkA567d7CqYw7JF8jhRcX61BSIt9ylauQ7x_svdNMiEFhMPp2dWkbFhld/s400/Femme+des+environs+de+Salamanque+%25281848%2529+-+Clerman+%2528Paris%2529.jpg" /></a></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p>En la obra “L’Espagne pittoresque, artistique et monumental” de Clerman aparece en 1848 otro grabado con el título “Femme des environs de Salamanque”.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><p><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrYQKVZZcaiTAamIyizXVaxlj7K6DzBCWCVl9q06qSoGUH5HEJOS7WM9foCWit660TLJL_QxHZF_QvYTuTRrR_Rt6oFRnW1-cAIMwPZTnnqP7R6zryCg_iPzz3u585DdvITkNb/s1600/Burgos+Salamanque+Santander.+Rouargue.+1852.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 246px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608464554311714002" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrYQKVZZcaiTAamIyizXVaxlj7K6DzBCWCVl9q06qSoGUH5HEJOS7WM9foCWit660TLJL_QxHZF_QvYTuTRrR_Rt6oFRnW1-cAIMwPZTnnqP7R6zryCg_iPzz3u585DdvITkNb/s400/Burgos+Salamanque+Santander.+Rouargue.+1852.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />El bonito grabado “Burgos, Salamanque , Santander” de Rouargue se encuentra en su libro “Voyage pittoresque en Espagne et en Portugal” de 1852. La salmantina conversa con un burgalés y una pasiega, viste un sayuelo de dos cuerpos atado con cordones bordeado de galones y repulgo. Las mangas son estrechas con folladura en el antebrazo abrochado con una hilera de botones. Tiene un amplio escote por el que deja ver las zonas ornamentales de la camisa. Esta prenda fue sustituida posteriormente por la chambra o jubona en el traje charro. La profusión del mandil de la salmantina contrasta con la simplicidad de la pasiega, un claro adelanto del ornamental mandil charro.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><p><br />En esta época se dan los últimos y definitivos pasos del traje popularizado como de charro y charra respectivamente aunque debe tenerse presente que a partir de la Guerra de la Independencia se produjo una moda uniforme llamada “a la europea” generalizada al igual que en el resto de España. Los grabadores seguían ilustrando trajes plebeyos ya obsoletos.<br />En el grabado de Gustavo Doré “Charro des environs de Salamanque” que aparece en la obra “Voyage en Espagne” del barón Ch. de Davillier el traje de hombre ya ha sufrido una transformación importante, semejante al actual<br /><br /><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 277px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608470184004771506" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbQ9XSCy41EqlSfaZxY_3QtRhaQNR5FYeqMv1fQ5A0PGcIa4jvCxVtwJbBcg2jYnENaooZhEp_BZ2ZW1Sz0zEayyZ0vE99TFsooOWvsXlnC2llxIahc-tSlpUCknd6xo9kora/s400/charro+de+los+alrededores+de+Salamanca.1862.jpg" />traje charro actual. El sombrero es de los llamados de “embudo” con ala corta y vuelta adornado con borlas. El camisón es llano con la pechera fruncida y abrochado en el cuello con un solo botón. Ha desaparecido el coleto y aparece el chaleco de hojas cuadradas con generoso escote y chaqueta con solapa y bolsillos. Calzón de los llamados de maldil y medias y zapatos cubiertos de polainas. La capa es de esclavina lisa.<br /><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpB5X8sszTSc0Wyysx1FjYXsNt_HmMwjVTd3H1bXp70ByrXmnXkZqFttq0aY4jdbMhO6waBgkFpE_C13UB54pGwDSaQolhk_sXuGg9N-o2XgNkdA6lanhNpfa6blB3s1LVif7K/s1600/muchachas_salmantinas_hoj_sel_1903_p508.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 268px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607737626174668626" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpB5X8sszTSc0Wyysx1FjYXsNt_HmMwjVTd3H1bXp70ByrXmnXkZqFttq0aY4jdbMhO6waBgkFpE_C13UB54pGwDSaQolhk_sXuGg9N-o2XgNkdA6lanhNpfa6blB3s1LVif7K/s400/muchachas_salmantinas_hoj_sel_1903_p508.jpg" /></a><br />Avanzando el siglo XIX y también la técnica de la fotografía empezamos a ver las primeras fotografías de charros y charras reales, así a principios del siglo XX, concretamente en el año 1903 aparece en la revista “Hojas selectas” un artículo titulado “La romería de Tejares” describiendo minuciosamente los diferentes trajes típicos de Salamanca: el de artesana, el de charra y el de serrana. Lo ilustra con varias imágenes como esta fotografía con tres tipos de muchachas salmantinas.<br /><br />Entre las fotos más antiguas pueden citarse las realizadas por el fotógrafo salmantino Venancio Gombáu (1868 – 1932) por cuyo estudio pasó toda la sociedad local y provincial. En sus retratos observamos ya a los charros y charras tal como los conocemos actualmente con gran profusión de joyas que han aumentado progresivamente desde una gargantilla a collares de varias vueltas y colgantes que cubren todo el torso. “Charra. Paysanne de Salamanque” y “Charro. Paysan de Salamanque” . También nos presenta los diferentes tipos de trajes de la provincia, de serrrana, de candelaria y de charra “Trajes populares de Salamanca”.<br /><br /><br /></p><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZXNuEID62JYK-qZv6Z37E8IMx-X9MP1yljzeZwRNu_mQGdQvYd2Xthgr2slno9qXNEgycAVcd-NzCBRmxh3kKPIZ0_hymLKhieqn1C9CrVjwv2T7H0wLEfT55NjGI86SMrxHU/s1600/Salamanca%252C+charra.+Paysanne+de+Salamanque+%252819--%2529+-+Gombau%252C+Venancio.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 346px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 386px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608471404493407170" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZXNuEID62JYK-qZv6Z37E8IMx-X9MP1yljzeZwRNu_mQGdQvYd2Xthgr2slno9qXNEgycAVcd-NzCBRmxh3kKPIZ0_hymLKhieqn1C9CrVjwv2T7H0wLEfT55NjGI86SMrxHU/s400/Salamanca%252C+charra.+Paysanne+de+Salamanque+%252819--%2529+-+Gombau%252C+Venancio.jpg" /></a></p><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTteaslvvNfd_TPtyLKgpBu_sz6hDbfcRdtfnTc9EYp2UAVZpNSdER8schEHoifSt61KTNUh_T7IIqew_hpfylkgrR1H_bkccdryyeEfp_Mt3LV_1aPuXp0B-XXZ2Y3TFlNDNX/s1600/Trajes+populares+de+Salamanca.+Gombao%252C+Venancio.1928.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 195px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 382px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608473531831012098" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTteaslvvNfd_TPtyLKgpBu_sz6hDbfcRdtfnTc9EYp2UAVZpNSdER8schEHoifSt61KTNUh_T7IIqew_hpfylkgrR1H_bkccdryyeEfp_Mt3LV_1aPuXp0B-XXZ2Y3TFlNDNX/s400/Trajes+populares+de+Salamanca.+Gombao%252C+Venancio.1928.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzAIDKH5uF7IJ8RjlPLGoqZVE5P768IbJuM2_rssWtdo9tHzPmN66QFZcNbs_JKdVCbIpgPD0iu7WCS7ViWHP_Q1cPIW5rDW98bNTjWSILYC3l9YSGGX4-tSwzJnS1BgsGTiG0/s1600/Salamanca%252Ccharro+.Paysan+de+Salamanque+%252819--%2529+-+Gombau%252C+Venancio.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 283px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 382px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608472854130208210" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzAIDKH5uF7IJ8RjlPLGoqZVE5P768IbJuM2_rssWtdo9tHzPmN66QFZcNbs_JKdVCbIpgPD0iu7WCS7ViWHP_Q1cPIW5rDW98bNTjWSILYC3l9YSGGX4-tSwzJnS1BgsGTiG0/s400/Salamanca%252Ccharro+.Paysan+de+Salamanque+%252819--%2529+-+Gombau%252C+Venancio.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCAAqY42gzoHj91aUUkB16Wq7OvWgee4gaZBlyYe1BPLsxNgUb4lsZsLHlElSLPfCRjwZOOZgnBAgbrAK5FfJgWFNlkeL_lxBY_gzZUqRL9yRSlNfE7xfBBz4L3AQd_I9K5P3G/s1600/reina_victoria_eugenia_charra_1928.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 280px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607745068413795010" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCAAqY42gzoHj91aUUkB16Wq7OvWgee4gaZBlyYe1BPLsxNgUb4lsZsLHlElSLPfCRjwZOOZgnBAgbrAK5FfJgWFNlkeL_lxBY_gzZUqRL9yRSlNfE7xfBBz4L3AQd_I9K5P3G/s400/reina_victoria_eugenia_charra_1928.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />El traje charro se asentó definitivamente<br />como el “traje regional salmantino” con la visita del rey Alfonso XIII y la reina Victoria Eugenia a Salamanca en 1922. Se les obsequió con sendos trajes charros con sus correspondientes alhajas y abanico de filigrana de plata. En 1934 los monarcas donaron sus trajes charros al Museo del Pueblo Español y actualmente forman parte de los fondos del museo del traje.<br /><br />En la foto puede verse a la reina Victoria vestida de charra.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhU1eALhWwetn8jGz27xXtw4kebxwsjLIHi8ob-Ygj1_rSE0IQaVRSdIeNtw1dRn2WheG9o1QccnaqFt3MB17SzctX8ga2MrOlEKEBFc2y4UJ6bkdoUHaQFYgwehHTyJCGKuFp/s1600/Charra.+Partes+del+traje.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 305px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5607746296212330242" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhU1eALhWwetn8jGz27xXtw4kebxwsjLIHi8ob-Ygj1_rSE0IQaVRSdIeNtw1dRn2WheG9o1QccnaqFt3MB17SzctX8ga2MrOlEKEBFc2y4UJ6bkdoUHaQFYgwehHTyJCGKuFp/s400/Charra.+Partes+del+traje.jpg" /></a><br /><br />El traje de mujer charra es de gran vistosidad. En la cabeza lleva rodetes con trenzas caladas para las orejas de pelo natural y adornadas con horquillas, un moño en la parte superior de la cabeza atado con unas cintas bordadas, un velo de tul bordado sobre la cabeza y grandes pendientes.<br />El busto se cubre con la chambra o jubona de seda con botones de filigrana, pañuelo de hombros de tela bordado por cuadrantes con lentejuelas, dengue o crucero de paño con bordados sobrepuestos , saya encarnada bajera con vuelta y encima el manteo más rico con festón de bordados y tirana de terciopelo. Mandil bordado profusamente y rematado por un faralar de seda, faltriquera bordada colgando de la cintura y por la parte de atrás caen dos cintas bordadas y rematadas de flecos de oro; medias caladas y zapatos de terciopelo bordados con lentejuelas. Como ya se ha dicho anteriormente exhibe gran cantidad de joyas, collares de oro, aderezos, galápagos, cruces, y veneras que cubren totalmente el torso.<br />Podeis apreciar la riqueza del traje charro y las prendas que lo componen en la siguiente presentación de los trajes charros de la familia y en la fotografía de María Gil Guerrero vestida de charra.<br /><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 425px"><a style="MARGIN: 12px 0px 3px; DISPLAY: block; FONT: 14px Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif; COLOR: #0000cc; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" title="Trajes charros2" href="http://www.slideboom.com/presentations/358741/Trajes-charros2">Trajes charros2</a><br /><br /><br /><object id="onlinePlayer358741" codebase="http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,28,0" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="425" height="370"><param name="_cx" value="11244"><param name="_cy" value="9789"><param name="FlashVars" value=""><param name="Movie" value="http://www.slideboom.com/player/player.swf?id_resource=358741"><param name="Src" value="http://www.slideboom.com/player/player.swf?id_resource=358741"><param name="WMode" value="Window"><param name="Play" value="-1"><param name="Loop" value="-1"><param name="Quality" value="High"><param name="SAlign" value=""><param name="Menu" value="-1"><param name="Base" value=""><param name="AllowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="Scale" value="ShowAll"><param name="DeviceFont" value="0"><param name="EmbedMovie" value="0"><param name="BGColor" value="FFFFFF"><param name="SWRemote" value=""><param name="MovieData" value=""><param name="SeamlessTabbing" value="1"><param name="Profile" value="0"><param name="ProfileAddress" value=""><param name="ProfilePort" value="0"><param name="AllowNetworking" value="all"><param name="AllowFullScreen" value="true"><br /><br /><br /><embed src="http://www.slideboom.com/player/player.swf?id_resource=358741" width="425" height="370" name="onlinePlayer358741" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" allowscriptaccess="always" quality="high" bgcolor="#ffffff" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars=""></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="FONT-FAMILY: tahoma, arial; HEIGHT: 26px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; PADDING-TOP: 2px">View <a style="COLOR: #0000cc" href="http://www.slideboom.com/">more presentations</a> or <a style="COLOR: #0000cc" href="http://www.slideboom.com/upload">Upload</a> your own.</div></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-46482588118905428702011-04-08T10:08:00.000-07:002011-04-08T10:52:27.738-07:00Maori people. The real discoverers of New Zealand<div></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE1nI7J_amI4bXuiWcxlD_3rT-wJs34ROgPUl3LZUQMRBwBxXeB17B8quXSk1hWyxP2h665SHJy-cyJtMp6j8uf6IoC_EXaMYZJd5GmxvERDbDDL4UcyqA3ETKEB2HCLV_q7WO/s1600/Maori.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 214px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593262668193021538" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE1nI7J_amI4bXuiWcxlD_3rT-wJs34ROgPUl3LZUQMRBwBxXeB17B8quXSk1hWyxP2h665SHJy-cyJtMp6j8uf6IoC_EXaMYZJd5GmxvERDbDDL4UcyqA3ETKEB2HCLV_q7WO/s320/Maori.jpg" /></a> <br /><div align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;">The Maori people are the indigenous people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), they first arrived here in a number of epic waka hourua (voyaging canoes) over a significant period of time from their ancestral Polynesian homeland of Hawaiki (Cook Islands, Hawaii and Haiti). These journeys established Maori as daring and resourceful adventurers, and as one of the greatest navigating people of all time. They adapted very easily to the new environment and started to cultivate the land, manufacture textiles and build wooden houses. Maori were expert hunters and fishermen, fishing was vitally important for them. They wove fishing nets from flax and carved fishhooks from bone and stone. A Maori tradition that remains today is throw back the first fish caught, as a way of thanking Tangaroa, god of the sea, for this generosity. Maori hunted native birds, including moa, the world’s largest bird, with a range of ingenious traps and snares. Maori ate native vegetables and also introduced vegetables from Polynesia, including the kumara (sweet potato). Vegetables were planted and harvested with a variety of tools including diggers, spades, and clubs. Weaved flax basket and bags were used to carry food, which was often stored in a pataka — a storehouse raised on stilts. Maori have proved to be excellent warriors. Only men fought, and one of the most highly prized weapons was the spear-like taiaha. This weapon, often beautifully carved, is still used in Maori ceremonies today, and its use has become a highly sophisticated art form. Another fearsome weapon was the mere (club), beautifully carved, with some made out of pounamu (greenstone or jade). A warrior with a full moko (tattoo) on his face, brandishing a taiaha or mere, makes a fearsome sight. New Zealand has been inhabited by Maor<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jPBv2_Gy1mp5doH8vZC85Wipr-UzU-sV4zgWG8pIKoS2DtnKQMMyAx8Pd-BK80QcPrVJQvypE2e33BRzrSOuCZEqYT3J4diSNn44R4wbLXFkNdoomBB-2zHoiZyTs87gfAUg/s1600/tasman-murderers+bay.Moordenaers+Bay+%2528Murderers+Bay%252C+New+Zealand%2529.+From+Tasman%2527s+Abel+Janszoon+Tasman%2527s+Journal+.+.+.+%2528Amsterdam%252C+1898%2529..jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 210px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593264332591930290" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jPBv2_Gy1mp5doH8vZC85Wipr-UzU-sV4zgWG8pIKoS2DtnKQMMyAx8Pd-BK80QcPrVJQvypE2e33BRzrSOuCZEqYT3J4diSNn44R4wbLXFkNdoomBB-2zHoiZyTs87gfAUg/s320/tasman-murderers+bay.Moordenaers+Bay+%2528Murderers+Bay%252C+New+Zealand%2529.+From+Tasman%2527s+Abel+Janszoon+Tasman%2527s+Journal+.+.+.+%2528Amsterdam%252C+1898%2529..jpg" /></a>i since approximately 1300 AD. Dutch navigator Abel Tasman was the first European to discover New Zealand during his voyage of 1642–43, although he never set foot on the land. Tasman’s first contact with Maori was at the top of the South Island in what is now called Golden Bay. Two waka (canoes) full of Maori men sighted Tasman’s boat. Tasman sent out his men in a small boat, but various misunderstandings saw it rammed by one of the waka. In the resulting skirmish,</span><span style="font-size:130%;"> four of Tasman’s men were killed. Captain James Cook was sent to search for the great southern continent thought to exist in the southern seas by the king of England and he arrived in New Zealand in1769 and claimed it for Great Britain. Cook successfully circumnavigated and mapped the country. His botanists and other experts on board his ship, the Endeavour, gained considerable information about the country’s flora and fauna, and the native Maori inhabitants. Cook led two more expeditions to New Zealand, before being killed on a Hawaiian beach in 1779. This is the reason why James Cook is said to have discovered New Zealand but it is not true, the real discoverers were Maori people. In spite of this it wasn't until the late 1700s that the first Europeans began to settle in New Zealand. In 1835 the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand was signed by 34 Maori chiefs. The Declaration asserted the independence of New Zealand, with all sovereign power and authority residing with the hereditary chiefs and tribes. A few years later on 6 February 1840, Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi) between Maori and the Crown was signed. The Treaty guaranteed Maori full possession of their land in exchange for their recognition of British sovereignty. The Treaty of Waitangi is regarded as New Zealand's founding document and remains a core point of reference for Maori and the Government. Maori culture has many interesting aspects including art, legend, tattoo (moko), performances (notably kapa haka), customs, hospitality and community. Since the early 1980s Maori culture has undergone a renaissance. The regeneration of interest in Maori culture has extended to language, and Maori language programs (such as kohanga reo) are now flourishing. Today Maori people are actively involved with keeping their culture and language alive. Within any Maori community, the marae provides a focus for social, cultural and spiritual life. The term marae describes a communal 'plaza' area that includes a wharenui (meeting house) and wharekai (dining room). The marae is used for ceremonial purposes, it’s a place where the culture can be celebrated, where the Maori language can be spoken, where intertribal obligations can be met, where customs can be explored and debated, where family occasions such as birthdays can be held, and where important ceremonies, such as welcoming visitors <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNFvsk8TzCkG2cEb9rnW13WlGQZ52Ke4vQMzq4tmxURh4LflBER7AkKd3mGPcrQH_byXUmCBHzgf5UVBc6fW8UO_TNwHb0xoQBJh8YxqIy7sr9oxjTms8aXJqwEwRoWnyDsdl1/s1600/maori-culture-hongi-greeting_10916_600x450.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593264892114264290" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNFvsk8TzCkG2cEb9rnW13WlGQZ52Ke4vQMzq4tmxURh4LflBER7AkKd3mGPcrQH_byXUmCBHzgf5UVBc6fW8UO_TNwHb0xoQBJh8YxqIy7sr9oxjTms8aXJqwEwRoWnyDsdl1/s320/maori-culture-hongi-greeting_10916_600x450.jpg" /></a>or farewelling the dead can be performed. All formal Maori gatherings are accompanied by oratory in Maori; action songs; formal receptions of visitors, accompanied by the hongi, or pressing together of noses on greetings. Hongi is a traditional Maori welcome, which literally means “to share breath”. It is believed that when the two noses meet, people exchange their breath and the visitor becomes one of the local people (tangata whenua), ready to share in all responsibilities and duties. It seems to me a beautiful and tender greeting. I'd feel very at home and most importantly.... Welcome if I were greeted with this warm Maori traditional greeting. </span></div><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"></span></div><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;">The art of moko or Maori tattooing was one of the few features of external Maori culture to persist from pre -European times well into the 20th century. Ta moko was brought by Maori from their eastern Polynesian homeland. The implements and methods used are similar to those found in other parts of Polynesia. Ta moko, often referred to as Maori tattoo, is the traditional permanent marking of the body and face by Maori. But ta moko is distinct from tattoo in that the skin is carved by uhi (chisels) instead of being punctured with needles. This leaves the skin with textured grooves, rather than the smooth surface of a normal tattoo. Ta moko is a core component of Maori culture and an outward expression of commitment and respect. It denotes rank, traces one’s whakapapa (genealogy) and iwi (tribal history). Each line, each spiral, each whorl represented an important aspect of the individual who bore the markings. It is believed to have begun as a need to look fierce by streaking one’s face with charcoal and red ochre which became an intricate art form of grace and beauty while also maintaining a sense of fierceness and pride. In pre-European Maori culture, many if not most high-ranking persons received moko. Those who went without moko were seen as persons of lower social status. A person, either man or woman, who bore no markings was considered to be plain looking and this was a status in itself usually reserved for slaves. Even children as young as 8-10 years old displayed body tattoos. No child bore the markings of Mataora (facial tattoo) as could be observed by the early settlers. The reasoning for this appears to be that a child’s face had yet to grow into maturity and this growth could alter the markings. Receiving moko constituted an important milestone between childhood and adulthood, and was accompanied by many rites and rituals. Apart from signalling status and rank, another reason for the practice was to make a person more attractive to the opposite sex. Ta Moko was like a history of a person's achievements and represented their status in their tribe. It also served as a reminder to people about their responsibility in life. It was a huge honour for people to have Ta Moko. Ta Moko was worn by both me<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwsG4C5pnUWdak9a_LIOzjk5xtIIURPnXHqCnypacRiu_E8D62gI3caG91vIrJSwCO8SaaLB5MNIImWO6Gqyu0kaYALLJ9t1SnWam-Jwsslp-yUqrA4u3IA3YPFfhLI0fxA8QH/s1600/maori.+tatuajes-crop.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 294px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593269176914113538" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwsG4C5pnUWdak9a_LIOzjk5xtIIURPnXHqCnypacRiu_E8D62gI3caG91vIrJSwCO8SaaLB5MNIImWO6Gqyu0kaYALLJ9t1SnWam-Jwsslp-yUqrA4u3IA3YPFfhLI0fxA8QH/s320/maori.+tatuajes-crop.jpg" /></a>n and women. It was applied to the face and buttocks of men, and to the chin, lips and shoulders of women. Depending on their ranking, they may also have Ta Moko on their face. Occasionally women would put small markings over their faces or shoulders as a sign that someone close to them had died. There were no set patterns to the Ta Moko and the meaning of the Ta Moko was dependent on its placement on the face. The left side of the face related to the father's history and the right side to the mother's history. Designing the appropriate Ta Moko for each man was a long process that could take weeks or even months as there was much to take into consideration. No two were ever the same even though the meaning of each design was based on recognisable principles. After almost dying out in the twentieth century, Maori tattooing is now experiencing a powerful revival, with many young Maori wearing the moko as a spectacular gesture of racial pride and a sign of cultural identity. Ta moko is performed by a tohunga ta moko (tattoo expert) and the practice is considered a tapu (sacred) ritual. The design of each moko is unique to the wearer and conveys information about the wearer, such as their genealogy, tribal affiliations, status, and achievements. It is important to distinguish moko from kiri tuhi, tattoos that are not regarded as having the cultural significance attributed to moko. Ta moko was traditionally performed using chisels made from materials such as Albatross bone. An assortment of chisels was used, some with a straight edge, others with a serrated edge. The pigmentations used were Carui gum and dye from other vegetation that was rendered to a soot and then mixed with oil. Each tribal area used different pigments. Today most moko are performed using modern tattoo machines (and therefore leave the skin smooth), however in keeping with the traditional practice of ta moko, there has been a resurgent increase in the use of chisels. Ta Moko designs can now be seen on many people, both Maori and non-Maori. Given the significance of each stroke, the lack of research into the designs worn by some, including celebrities have angered some Maori. There is much meaning attached to each design that it is considered ignorant for a person, Maori or non-Maori, to use a design without understanding its relevance. Ta Moko is an art form of exquisite beauty showcased on skin. The traditions of a culture can be observed in its delicate patterns and designs. Another important Maori tradition is the haka, it generally accompanies each cultural performance today. The haka is a war dance. The words are chanted loudly (shouted) in a menacing way accompanied by arm actions and foot stamping. A haka was traditionally performed before charging into battle. The haka was danced without weapons, in contrast to the war dances (tutu ngaruhu or peruperu) which were danced with spears, clubs, or other weapons in hand. The haka, which expressed a variety of emotions such as joy, anger, and sorrow, called for exceptional rhythmical skill. Many were marked by a curious, rapid vibration of the hands; other motions included a stamping in unison, facial distortion (protruding tongue and eyeballs), rhythmical out-thrusts and movements of the arms, as well as a swaying of the body. Haka performed in a sitting position were as a rule of a milder character, with swaying motions from the arms and bodies. Every haka had its expert leader who gave time to the music and the motions of the dance. The haka may also be used to tell of great feats, or danced as a special welcome before a high-ranking guest. A haka can also express grievance, or, in earlier times, could be addressing a prayer to one of the ancient Maori Gods. Strictly speaking, the term haka refers generically to all Maori dance but has now come to mean the Maori dance repertoire where the men are in front and women lending vocal support at the back. The New Zealand rugby team, the All Blacks, promote one version of the haka which starts with the chant "Ka mate, ka mate (It is death, it is death"), it is this haka, called Te Rauparaha's haka (so named after its perceived traditional origins) that most people, particularly rugby union football fans, know as the haka. This version of the haka is both war chant and challenge and is customarily performed by the All Blacks before major games against non-New Zealand teams. It is characterised by loud chanting, much aggressive flailing of arms and stomping of feet, fierce looks and, in the end, an angry sticking out tongues. “Ka mate, ka mate” are the words of Te Rauparaha's haka (1810) used by the All Blacks: Ka mate, ka mate Ka ora, ka ora Tenei te tangata puhuruhuru Nana i tiki mai whakawhiti te ra Upane, upane Upane kaupane Whiti te ra. These words are translated as: It is death, it is death It is life, it is life This is the hairy man Who caused the sun to shine again for me Up the ladder, up the ladder Up to the top The sun shines. </span></div><br /><div align="left"></div><br /><div align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;">Enjoy this video with the All Blacks performing the haka versus Tonga. (Stop the music first)</span></div><br /><p><span style="font-size:130%;"></p><br /><div align="left"></div></span><br /><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzb1U3WZMBPfhIg4KXjY4HAPtjznNF08DR2oaCAjlhr3Z-e8Ibj8qbOO_adC4O94cIvs1IPoynRYw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-7792485902180304532011-03-19T02:59:00.000-07:002011-03-19T03:14:44.141-07:00Tribute to Japan<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFdW_0Z-SO18eeY-EBBfM40gTXbSGttfTFS0Y4QRkFcQSm9mtBTN6h4yihpLOsmNpfPavhIkxaCZ9shViZeHP38nQS7RwKk3kQd-DH5Kz-LoYEfeUN2QFjrlz1cqRKjlYwlYIs/s1600/Colton%2527s+Japan%252C+Nippon%252CKiusiu%252CSikok%252C+Yesso+and+the+Japanese+Kuriles.+Colton%252C+G.+Woolworth.+1855.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 344px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585729801096400818" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFdW_0Z-SO18eeY-EBBfM40gTXbSGttfTFS0Y4QRkFcQSm9mtBTN6h4yihpLOsmNpfPavhIkxaCZ9shViZeHP38nQS7RwKk3kQd-DH5Kz-LoYEfeUN2QFjrlz1cqRKjlYwlYIs/s400/Colton%2527s+Japan%252C+Nippon%252CKiusiu%252CSikok%252C+Yesso+and+the+Japanese+Kuriles.+Colton%252C+G.+Woolworth.+1855.jpg" /></a> A beautiful antique map of Japan from 1855 by J. H. Colton to pay a moving tribute to Japanese people's courage for all the efforts they are showing to overcome the tragedy of the earthquake and tsunami on 11 March.<br />As Prime Minister Naoto Kan said, you will rebuild Japan from scratch. People all over the world will help you to become a powerful country again.<br />My great sympathy to the victims.isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-47883908673687827582011-02-27T11:15:00.000-08:002011-02-27T22:17:30.244-08:00Spanish Civil War Posters<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSInYFrjIh2rpxlDmKripfvPlZ4NA-WBiMBtKf2p1ovKi9ZN8jJLryO5B9lhS92-SJ4HjrPiTMqUeBXgsig5mtk2PDbDlE3Ski96OWukYC1FRMCbJvi2eySoCuneKTiM6qLdU/s1600/1261.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 259px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578455714034873314" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSInYFrjIh2rpxlDmKripfvPlZ4NA-WBiMBtKf2p1ovKi9ZN8jJLryO5B9lhS92-SJ4HjrPiTMqUeBXgsig5mtk2PDbDlE3Ski96OWukYC1FRMCbJvi2eySoCuneKTiM6qLdU/s320/1261.jpg" /></a><br /><br />The Spanish Civil War was an extremely complex conflict that ravaged the country from 1936 to 1939 and devastated Spain and its inhabitants. The estimates of how many people were killed in the war run from 500,000 to 1,000,000. The war came about when the Spanish communist party came to power after defeating members of the monarch in elections. They decided that they wanted to bring about land reforms and exclude the church from the government. This was not popular among the Nationalists at the time. So the Spanish Arm<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbNWH7JIeHAaoP4KgoI4PqR9FYx0UjmNTeeQodg-JzB-YkB71mIqDN80YkFfMSCkR6fo-RSrBrm95gTyAc19tuB1Bp_yDg6cm74IbVNJZuVh6am5j44sOWGT8t69yzICaZatx9/s1600/100017.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 218px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578451229657633090" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbNWH7JIeHAaoP4KgoI4PqR9FYx0UjmNTeeQodg-JzB-YkB71mIqDN80YkFfMSCkR6fo-RSrBrm95gTyAc19tuB1Bp_yDg6cm74IbVNJZuVh6am5j44sOWGT8t69yzICaZatx9/s320/100017.jpg" /></a>y staged a military coup to overthrow the Second Spanish Republic. The attempt would prove successful, with the eventual installation of a dictatorship led by General Francisco Franco in 1939. The nationalists were made up of monarch supporters, religious groups, Falangists and Fascists. The communist or left wing side was made up of Socialists, Marxists, Anarchists, Communists, Basque and Catalan seperatists and a number of other extreme left wing groups and trade unions. War broke out when the right wing groups refused to accept the left wing as the government and the land reforms they were about to impose.<br />Before his victory, Franco’s forces met the resistance of republicans, <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1GwiM541L2hxWggyHOviJFEt5ZNWwlSBHc__L2lfSRbaEK81Kt1tTjtSxP9iwurxYZpcpGjpnH5bYzL5CQPFHac2Aier5PSsSmVYnIKERcyqzkZHvoXwwK6j0TsVCvZJe4Dj-/s1600/025.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 181px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 264px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578452007124022162" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1GwiM541L2hxWggyHOviJFEt5ZNWwlSBHc__L2lfSRbaEK81Kt1tTjtSxP9iwurxYZpcpGjpnH5bYzL5CQPFHac2Aier5PSsSmVYnIKERcyqzkZHvoXwwK6j0TsVCvZJe4Dj-/s320/025.jpg" /></a>socialists, communists and anarchists in a bitter battle for Spain.<br />During the war both sides accused each other of being puppet governments for other governments, The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as from International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States.<br />Politically their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the Fascist-oriented Falange and the militant left-wing anarchis<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnc6hZAO1Qjn163y9MIzyG30cNCXmLXiO2YZWkqa93KPePgPZW9L_wU-18eSp47Fpmwuu0FVvcihNCYsKcSr0AsnzVXeQIvKTF1ngXVpEK5BX4rijfF0qC75h2kmCUfcqXYnGB/s1600/Cartel-013.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 164px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 246px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578452419937684706" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnc6hZAO1Qjn163y9MIzyG30cNCXmLXiO2YZWkqa93KPePgPZW9L_wU-18eSp47Fpmwuu0FVvcihNCYsKcSr0AsnzVXeQIvKTF1ngXVpEK5BX4rijfF0qC75h2kmCUfcqXYnGB/s320/Cartel-013.jpg" /></a>ts.<br /><br /><br /><br />Among the many aspects of the war that continue to exert a particular fascination today is the wealth of astonishing <strong><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/newbitsandbobs/home/spanish-civil-war-posters">propaganda posters</a></span></strong> produced by the various factions involved in the fighting. There was a high rate of illiteracy in the country, particularly among women, peasants and the working classes, so poster designers emplo<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTRLghd6kXzY17c5XcabajKtv7pTBtvSSECxJqMo6h1WTqchuiEWGwtYXYFQ0Y95fi6sEq7Pr9MHfa6ARQeQ_TDR4J4HdbBuC-FKtDioj7y2ejHKyNZQUTYfM6VyY0LuFWqNWb/s1600/Cartel-110.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 190px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 250px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578452998523233138" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTRLghd6kXzY17c5XcabajKtv7pTBtvSSECxJqMo6h1WTqchuiEWGwtYXYFQ0Y95fi6sEq7Pr9MHfa6ARQeQ_TDR4J4HdbBuC-FKtDioj7y2ejHKyNZQUTYfM6VyY0LuFWqNWb/s320/Cartel-110.jpg" /></a>yed rousing imagery and succinct slogans to deliver their message.<br />Propaganda has played a vital part in the wars of the early 20th century it was used by Hitler in World War 2 by Mussolini in his control of Italy and of course by Stalin. Throughout the course of the Spanish civil war propaganda was used by all sides to communicate various messages, some of these messages were to encourage peace and to keep fighting for food and freedom whilst others were to convince people to leave the city or join the army. The messages varied, as did the posters. What it left us with in the end was catalogues of posters that are a poignant reminder of these dark times in Spanish history. However they are also pieces of art that serve to remind us of our not too distant past .<br />The war was much about ideas. Many political ideologies of the time were battling for power and recognition. Propaganda was a major part of convincing the Spanish civilians to side with various parties. Colourful and artistic posters were used to persuade civilians and spread messages as the majority of the population were illiterate and uneducated. These posters were designed by some of the best artists in Spain and the streets of all of Spain’s major cities were plastered with these posters. The Nationalists lead by Franco used the posters to win the support of the people after taking a city fro<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHJ_kwg8p2I4E7ia00CmC2rf0qPNzPQ7aiew9EzZlayWcEVIiLC7gmsUP20wtldD6GHaf4oqV1TTFaOdf8eTiVXvQ-RDfM3r9GgLQJ6MXlcHRzQ7MI5PLuIimOPQTd-vak9Efx/s1600/10002.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 174px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 246px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578453331294375970" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHJ_kwg8p2I4E7ia00CmC2rf0qPNzPQ7aiew9EzZlayWcEVIiLC7gmsUP20wtldD6GHaf4oqV1TTFaOdf8eTiVXvQ-RDfM3r9GgLQJ6MXlcHRzQ7MI5PLuIimOPQTd-vak9Efx/s320/10002.jpg" /></a>m the communists. The communists used the posters to win support from the peasants they were trying to help and to spread messages to the people whilst they were in power. The anarchists used their posters to introduce their new radical idea to the people in the hope of winning their hearts and minds.<br />These posters are perhaps the most prominent remains of the conflict that presented to the people of Europe and the world the tragedies of war and how the people of Spain were living through these tragedies. These posters are among the most important documents of the war remaining today and can be found in museums across Spain as well as other European countries.<br />Eyewitnesses accounts of the war attest that the posters were everywhere during the war. The cities walls were awash with the colour and creativity of propaganda. On almost every building there were party posters: posters against Fascism, posters about the d<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-EXdCvSesnP2lmaVaOKdVs18GaE8IIr5GkczPjeDc3SCmnsIqFuFCo_DoDH0uerHzCJs0V-fcc7S3NLINE_Y-YBlUg0gur5hDOsVsHhH-Hczk9itug5eWSsr130LnEVH_-Tb/s1600/ima022.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 155px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 239px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578454247241121458" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-EXdCvSesnP2lmaVaOKdVs18GaE8IIr5GkczPjeDc3SCmnsIqFuFCo_DoDH0uerHzCJs0V-fcc7S3NLINE_Y-YBlUg0gur5hDOsVsHhH-Hczk9itug5eWSsr130LnEVH_-Tb/s320/ima022.jpg" /></a>efence of Madrid, posters appealing for recruits to the militia...and even posters for the emancipation of women and against venereal disease. Streets aflamed with posters of all parties for all causes, some of them put out by combinations of parties. In Republican territory, when a house was destroyed by the enemy bombs, propaganda agencies would fix posters on the ruins in order to denounce the enemy, hoping to turn aggression into rage. In Madrid, the capital of the Republic, shop owners were forced to fill their store fronts with posters: "Every space must be used to incite the spirit in its fight against the enemy," stated an article in the newspaper ABC on October 30, 1936. When a city was taken the streets of were plastered with posters to convince its citizens to change sides.<br />The Nationalist party produced a far lesser amount of posters than their rivals. This was primarily because they hadn’t as much inward struggle and because what they were promoting was familiar to the Spaniards. Their posters were primarily used after the taking of a city to encourage calm amongst its citizens. They also tried to encourage people to return to normality after the war.<br />The Communist or the Republican party were the most prolific producer<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2BM2AvVWO9S7qN742lha_RFB6mge0Q78rF0fH0jnTdU9V0rCG7HxFCKrPWzOxUT96OiLiKsnjWj6He-7hS81wPUGP1K4EB_o8FFHkOuB2vsjNAM6i5A61ieUCCQNLxAi-UAK0/s1600/AIP_115.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 173px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 272px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578454931877588594" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2BM2AvVWO9S7qN742lha_RFB6mge0Q78rF0fH0jnTdU9V0rCG7HxFCKrPWzOxUT96OiLiKsnjWj6He-7hS81wPUGP1K4EB_o8FFHkOuB2vsjNAM6i5A61ieUCCQNLxAi-UAK0/s320/AIP_115.jpg" /></a>s and publishers of posters during the Spanish civil war. Their posters were used to garner the support of the people and often to spread messages to the rurally isolated peasants. These posters were important in communicating to an predominantly illiterate population and encouraging men to join the militia and support the communist movement. Some posters were co signed by the anarchists and communists during their coalition.<br /><br />Over the course of the war thousands of posters were created and circulated throughout Spain. Many of these survived the war, however many didn’t survive the war and are lost forever.<br /><br /><br />This post is by no means to favour one side over another, that's why they are mixed up. It is merely the home and celebration of some important historical documents. I hope you enjoy them!<br /><br />(Click on the link "propaganda posters to see some of them enlarged).isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-10452768193224543332011-02-02T13:56:00.000-08:002011-02-02T14:12:40.797-08:00February Second. Groundhog Day. La Chandeleur<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFJ_uFzoaW1rPN1xhdAh5I4HPV6Cl9TZrrd5HWd3x2sT1FsboKDBVGVi05PeNAJQLLYodLr8d4l5YU3Qrm1hAoC51A3WqWTGwIv0nEURkcXKOIUrkTmb0ovsXZ8Ad0qjpPlQdf/s1600/groundhog+day.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 255px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 198px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5569215485354674418" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFJ_uFzoaW1rPN1xhdAh5I4HPV6Cl9TZrrd5HWd3x2sT1FsboKDBVGVi05PeNAJQLLYodLr8d4l5YU3Qrm1hAoC51A3WqWTGwIv0nEURkcXKOIUrkTmb0ovsXZ8Ad0qjpPlQdf/s400/groundhog+day.jpg" /></a><br />If someone were to ask “What is the significance of today’s date? I’m quite sure that all who were asked, came up with the same answer: “Feb. 2nd is Groundhog Day!”<br />These responses prove the point that Feb. 2nd is deeply rooted in Canadian and American folklore.<br />In the folklore of these countries, the groundhog’s activities are weather related. Simply put, when this animal comes out of his burrow on Feb. 2nd, if the sun is shining and he sees his shadow, he returns underground for six more weeks of winter. If, however, the day is overcast and he cannot see his shadow, an early spring is just around the corner.<br />It will not be a surprise to learn that this folkloric tale has its roots in mediaeval Europe. In the Christian calendar, Feb. 2nd marks the celebration of the Purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of Jesus in the Temple. Candles are blessed on this day, giving rise to the name “Candlemas Day.” Since this date also marked the midpoint of winter, halfway between the winter soltice, and the spring equinox, the notion arose that the weather on Candlemas Day might foretell what would take place during the rest of the winter.<br />Thus a bright and sunny Candlemas Day suggested that there was more winter to come; while a cloudy overcast day meant that winter would soon be over.<br /><br />The legend of Groundhog Day is based on the old Scottish couplet: "If Candlemas Day is bright and clear, there'll be two winters in the year."<br />Every February 2, people gather at Gobbler's Knob, a wooded knoll just outside of Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. The first Groundhog Day, took place in this community, when the local newspaper reported: “At the time of going to press on Feb. 2nd, 1886, the groundhog has not seen its shadow.“ The groundhog was named: “Punxsutawney Phil, Seer of Seers, Sage of Sages, Prognosticator of Prognosticators and Weather Prophet Extraordinary.” For the record, Phil’s first prediction was correct. In his debut performance there was “no shadow and an early spring followed.”<br />The ceremony in Punxsutawney was held in secret until 1966, and only Phil's prediction was revealed to the public. Since then, Phil's fearless forecast has been a national media event. The groundhog comes out of his electrically heated burrow, looks for his shadow and utters his prediction to a Groundhog Club representative in "groundhogese." The representative then translates the prediction for the general public.<br />If Punxsutawney Phil sees his shadow, it means six more weeks of winter. If he does not see his shadow, it means spring is just around the corner.<br />Approximately 90% of the time, Phil sees his shadow and residents contend that the groundhog has never been wrong.<br />Phil started making predictions in 1887 and has become an American institution.<br /><br />Now only one question remains. Why has a folkloric tradition of this type survived so many centuries? There is no easy answer, for such traditions not only have deep roots; they have a habit of “adjusting” to fit changing circumstances.<br />While it can never be proven, one possibility for the recent surge of interest i<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMqD1SG_tmTKv_S_2kdtXd6wY-BTwc9flLDf_smsMIR9-RDQ1UIjEFUEkt6IyPZKgF05x834peSvObVufn0wlxf_GmZ5XnKs0aCoXKCLwGoUwITnsZQJmzsoHG6Q8knsf5Omsf/s1600/groundhog+day2.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 167px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 247px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5569215756968817410" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMqD1SG_tmTKv_S_2kdtXd6wY-BTwc9flLDf_smsMIR9-RDQ1UIjEFUEkt6IyPZKgF05x834peSvObVufn0wlxf_GmZ5XnKs0aCoXKCLwGoUwITnsZQJmzsoHG6Q8knsf5Omsf/s400/groundhog+day2.jpg" /></a>n Feb. 2nd might be the popularity of the American movie “Groundhog Day” released in 1993.<br />The actor Bill Murray, plays a weatherman for a television station. The story begins with his trek to Puxatawney, Pennsylvania for the appearance of the groundhog. He is reluctantly sent to cover a story about a weather forecasting "rat" (as he calls it). This is his fourth year on the story, and he makes no effort to hide his frustration.<br />On this occasion, due to a sudden storm, cast and crew must stay on location until the weather improves. But something strange happens when the weatherman awakens in the morning . . . it is Groundhog Day all over again! He makes several drastic attempts to leave town, but on every occasion, the next day is always Groundhog Day. . First he uses this to his advantage, then comes the realisation that he is doomed to spend the rest of eternity in the same place, seeing the same people do the same thing EVERY day.<br /><br /><strong>February 2, 2011 - around 7:25 am ET - Punxsutawney, PA<br />Phil did not see his shadow and thus spring is just around the corner!</strong> </div><br /><div></div><br /><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpiBcOPjtFE5t512dkjZTFMcjJ9pwrKEgPZ6vsdRUgOOmRkv7uazc2iTojFezfxzZN9yXK8QErR1PN69Vb1wqQiyowZ-yS_UslbVqHM1xODUqrTovtjRIkLaoGTtIZK8xe-_RI/s1600/chandelles.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 220px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 229px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5569216324835901890" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpiBcOPjtFE5t512dkjZTFMcjJ9pwrKEgPZ6vsdRUgOOmRkv7uazc2iTojFezfxzZN9yXK8QErR1PN69Vb1wqQiyowZ-yS_UslbVqHM1xODUqrTovtjRIkLaoGTtIZK8xe-_RI/s320/chandelles.jpg" /></a><br />Connected with Grounhog Day is the celebration of “La Chandeleur” in France.<br />La Chandeleur, celebrated on February 2, is originally a religious holiday, yet today it is known as the day of crêpes (“Fête de la Lumière, or jour des crêpes”).<br />La Chandeleur is the Catholic holiday of Candlemas, a feast to commemorate the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the baby Jesus forty days after his birth.<br />The story is that Pope Gélase gave crêpes to the pilgrims who arrived in Rome. The crêpes with their rond shape and golden color, signified the sun and helped Spring to arrive. Even though most people don't know the history on why they celebrate La Chandeleur with crêpes, any reason is a good reason to eat crêpes in France!<br />For many French people La Chandeleur is a chance to enjoy a lot of crêpes, as well as do some fortune telling while making them.<br />The tradition is to hold a coin in your writing hand and a crêpe pan in the other; then toss the crêpe in the air. If you manage to catch the crêpe in the pan, your family will enjoy prosperity for the rest of the year. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxafuYGLz3BiRtcKIlNJhyEevTC4oFLIIeWJKMwPYdzZjyCAwnnSRVMqFMMfdfd2RplV1bMNvvMSQ7i_mTHa0FIlvfoikSz9IrgBaRvJ4Sb9nlpXB6TbCsWiErb7HRWMVsRHIM/s1600/crepes.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 262px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 279px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5569216891721098162" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxafuYGLz3BiRtcKIlNJhyEevTC4oFLIIeWJKMwPYdzZjyCAwnnSRVMqFMMfdfd2RplV1bMNvvMSQ7i_mTHa0FIlvfoikSz9IrgBaRvJ4Sb9nlpXB6TbCsWiErb7HRWMVsRHIM/s320/crepes.jpg" /></a><br /><br />You can try making your own crêpe.<br />Crêpe recipe for 8 - 10 people<br />Preparation time 10 minutes, cooking time 3 - 4 minutes<br />Ingredients<br />250g flour<br />4 eggs<br />1/2 litre milk<br />pinch of salt<br />50g butter<br />1 sachet vanilla sugar<br />soup spoon (5 cl) rum<br />variant - you can replace the milk with crème fraiche<br />Leave mixture for about an hour<br />Preheat a crêpe/frying pan , when hot add a little butter to grease the pan<br />Put half a ladle of crêpe mixture into the pan and cook for 1-2 minutes each side<br />Suggested accompaniments: sugar, Nutella, jam, honey, fruit or lemon<br />Traditionally to drink - cider<br /><br />There are all kinds of French proverbs and sayings for Chandeleur; here are just a few. Note the similarities to the Groundhog Day predictions made in the US and Canada:<br />“If Candlemas be fair and bright, winter has another flight. If Candlemas is cloudy and grey, winter soon will pass away.”<br /><br />À la Chandeleur, l'hiver cesse ou reprend vigueur<br />On Candlemas, winter ends or strengthens<br /><br />À la Chandeleur, le jour croît de deux heures<br />On Candlemas, the day grows by two hours<br /><br />Chandeleur couverte, quarante jours de perte<br />Candlemas covered (in snow), forty days lost<br /><br />Rosée à la Chandeleur, hiver à sa dernière heure<br />Dew on Candlemas, winter at its final hour </div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-56216472891943486132010-12-08T03:50:00.000-08:002010-12-08T06:18:32.008-08:00Miguel Hernández<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4s91be2MbK9BmIRwTc9JUMrabMyQx_C7LBKH4Ka2vfYWtx1orPhWrNnwZz95PWAFf0v82D7qMaXWa5AJZEGfKjFNIZthbjRXU2QDL1orjUwJJfxijKWRK04E5srE-OMoh-UaR/s1600/dibujo-miguel-hernandez4.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5548278600485185394" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4s91be2MbK9BmIRwTc9JUMrabMyQx_C7LBKH4Ka2vfYWtx1orPhWrNnwZz95PWAFf0v82D7qMaXWa5AJZEGfKjFNIZthbjRXU2QDL1orjUwJJfxijKWRK04E5srE-OMoh-UaR/s400/dibujo-miguel-hernandez4.jpg" /></a><br /><br />No quiero despedir el año 2010 sin rendir mi pequeño homenaje al poeta oriolano Miguel Hernández (1910-1942) en el centenario de su nacimiento.<br /><br />Sobre un magnífico dibujo realizado por el también poeta extremeño Julio Santiago he impreso las primeras estrofas de "Las nanas de la cebolla" uno de sus poemas más conocidos. Está dedicado a su segundo hijo Manuel Miguel al recibir una carta de su mujer en la cárcel donde le decía que no comía más que pan y... cebolla.<br />Disfrutad del poema completo cantado por Joan Manuel Serrat en este video.<br />Si quereis saber algo más de Miguel Hernández podeis descargar mi presentación <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff6600;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/newbitsandbobs/home/miguel-hernandez">aquí</a></span>.<br /><br /><br /><p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxQ8pTgJHZDz85SSc0EvWLosCkS1m2ef0r4bhUpVLigS2Ezu-SZyiyoM6RgcksJpPYWYfROMGD1I8A' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></p><p></p>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-53444309269953221822010-11-20T08:55:00.000-08:002010-11-20T09:43:27.441-08:00Stererotyped MapsA few months ago we (our school) finished a Comenius Program about how to deal with stererotypes and prejudices. Schools from Poland, Turkey, Italy and Spain presented our own cultural characteristics and made very enriching multicultural meetings in all the participant countries.We discovered that the perception we had about each nationality was not very accurated, we are not so diverse as we previously thought.<br />But, lo and behold I have recently come across these witty hilarious maps, featured in the <em>Daily Mail</em>, about stereotypes and they show different perspectives according to the country which is portraying its view.<br /><br />Enjoy them, they are really worth it. You can see a lot more <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/newbitsandbobs/home/stereotyped-maps"><span style="font-family:lucida grande;font-size:130%;"><strong>here</strong></span></a><span style="font-size:130%;"> .</span><br />(click on the maps to enlarge them).<br /><br /><br /><br />The World seen by the USA<br /><br /><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSFEApNyKFGV5gzegerphjWb1igqgeWdENQl7-K2nEhyl4alEo90LXZsiNIG2ZMPGg7kJ5Inzlizv9vkUW1onh0jCCQJEhZLtZpXcfDU3dRzl9dD3K41gMRKu49etFfqVsQ4hQ/s1600/The+world+according+to+USA.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 267px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541680628869409186" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSFEApNyKFGV5gzegerphjWb1igqgeWdENQl7-K2nEhyl4alEo90LXZsiNIG2ZMPGg7kJ5Inzlizv9vkUW1onh0jCCQJEhZLtZpXcfDU3dRzl9dD3K41gMRKu49etFfqVsQ4hQ/s400/The+world+according+to+USA.jpg" /></a><br />Europe seen by the USA<br /></p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtgNvSkcBsM7xj2oUG_67ZPEz_ow5QrDr7Yhbcr_uJVm_R4FaAdD9ARtqum5tLySGA5pW6sFVRW12qnFw5Q_fQBAQ7ad5KlV0kVdAi19dNU1UoIDHVb1LFFdjVeT1yY9TzVLEp/s1600/Europe+according+to+USA.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541680101247816642" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtgNvSkcBsM7xj2oUG_67ZPEz_ow5QrDr7Yhbcr_uJVm_R4FaAdD9ARtqum5tLySGA5pW6sFVRW12qnFw5Q_fQBAQ7ad5KlV0kVdAi19dNU1UoIDHVb1LFFdjVeT1yY9TzVLEp/s400/Europe+according+to+USA.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br />Europe seen by the Vatican<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEvbwaZy9D5nh8YwXV7VWoeK_dbNub1SPYHt4ZnmKdqiiaGUpnzTogMR2uVV-6jYyFlzOdOTmllEoWAFbfIGJkBR3Hz30Ke5T6J9hVVCppkSzAC1lYZdUuuREXxzfz0qh8flVg/s1600/Europe+accordint+to+the+Vatican.JPG"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 267px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541679721352739010" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEvbwaZy9D5nh8YwXV7VWoeK_dbNub1SPYHt4ZnmKdqiiaGUpnzTogMR2uVV-6jYyFlzOdOTmllEoWAFbfIGJkBR3Hz30Ke5T6J9hVVCppkSzAC1lYZdUuuREXxzfz0qh8flVg/s400/Europe+accordint+to+the+Vatican.JPG" /></a><br /><br />Europe seen by Italians<br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1mNU1a3YwJSAa0d__GeVGkmpU_QZs5rW7C12AYj120PeorXru0iFXNcYB5bqn1ScCOsapllItCgeHGw2bXxPl0YCXhHfMq1gYMoa8CTGYA0I9oZ7-XJ5x5b2wmrJXgop1nRAW/s1600/Europe+according+to+Italy.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541679031443026466" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1mNU1a3YwJSAa0d__GeVGkmpU_QZs5rW7C12AYj120PeorXru0iFXNcYB5bqn1ScCOsapllItCgeHGw2bXxPl0YCXhHfMq1gYMoa8CTGYA0I9oZ7-XJ5x5b2wmrJXgop1nRAW/s400/Europe+according+to+Italy.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div>Europe seen by the Germans<br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG_sEXRUo42lx78X-k5kPkjOZZGd9F1Im3N8MzzHAkEjO5gb5jNpv5-NgOT4B6c-rW5UCFBiRTerooG9MsbPgqWOP2ROnYYhTe4ItWeLNUrDZGCTPfvpIbHrRjXHyJ-qpI0Bu3/s1600/Europe+according+to+Germany.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541678110732507058" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG_sEXRUo42lx78X-k5kPkjOZZGd9F1Im3N8MzzHAkEjO5gb5jNpv5-NgOT4B6c-rW5UCFBiRTerooG9MsbPgqWOP2ROnYYhTe4ItWeLNUrDZGCTPfvpIbHrRjXHyJ-qpI0Bu3/s400/Europe+according+to+Germany.jpg" /></a><br />Europe seen by the French<br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUbtkEVfQBMOk3Qs06NA44pXSSIMU-EXUEi3KXfJUhvGCMDaR1_HKvckL9XvDdBCQ9HnI43o02dxBvCykqwgFiwyUDqGOogxc7YkQPl79UJ7s8KcZo_-agPGz3gpyLzAMxrIUh/s1600/Europe+according+to+France.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541677500489949234" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUbtkEVfQBMOk3Qs06NA44pXSSIMU-EXUEi3KXfJUhvGCMDaR1_HKvckL9XvDdBCQ9HnI43o02dxBvCykqwgFiwyUDqGOogxc7YkQPl79UJ7s8KcZo_-agPGz3gpyLzAMxrIUh/s400/Europe+according+to+France.jpg" /></a><br />Europe seen by the British<br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAa9hBA4MlJvS9SWQAUTB4cZhyphenhyphenuMoIdgokXn_CB5j1Y8mRV_Aki_WRk38-r_HsBX1vSKN4qE0_HYabNSc8OVWruotoU-5QKpBcxlz6GkbIyDd5MCONaRiVPvoyF_4zUBjTRcXu/s1600/Europe+according+to+Britain.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541677029186554306" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAa9hBA4MlJvS9SWQAUTB4cZhyphenhyphenuMoIdgokXn_CB5j1Y8mRV_Aki_WRk38-r_HsBX1vSKN4qE0_HYabNSc8OVWruotoU-5QKpBcxlz6GkbIyDd5MCONaRiVPvoyF_4zUBjTRcXu/s400/Europe+according+to+Britain.jpg" /></a> </div><br /><div><div>Alphadesigner.com</div><div><br /></div><em></em></div></div></div></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-27348546011510696572010-10-30T12:33:00.000-07:002010-10-30T15:59:36.828-07:00Pop up Books 2<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdfERZeYL6vyuniO2CSimdv_kZ4BFaa_CWeY4Zg30W5ETXnTGX06C-3op3ENXr5SUy-pO_y79dd4b52WFzu2JsVxBMAstDi6zzjrut2F-X64mb5r-YL7Nm-JkxG7HMcw_Qq8gT/s1600/pop-up-sakura.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 288px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 224px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533970374158186914" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdfERZeYL6vyuniO2CSimdv_kZ4BFaa_CWeY4Zg30W5ETXnTGX06C-3op3ENXr5SUy-pO_y79dd4b52WFzu2JsVxBMAstDi6zzjrut2F-X64mb5r-YL7Nm-JkxG7HMcw_Qq8gT/s320/pop-up-sakura.jpg" /></a><br /><br />Along with the subjects they illustrate, the techniques behind movable and pop-ups paper art have evolved from its earliest known origins. Traditional terminology, unusual techniques and personal creativity combine to form unique volumes and timeless illustrations.<br /><br />The art of paper engineering encompasses a range of methods and techniques for creating pop ups. Some basic mechanisms are:<br /><br /><br /><br /><ul><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimanfNkB9Yzlx50I4AWlV50Q1RbM6HEtoU7TxZbubUppcWGJUIyr7vuWGmgFqQKoRn0Ww0eLHxyNxJNgqL_KzEvE_24zsAlbWnTc0SuhWxWIQ882x4yLhD8WLIe5hNXAn85FeI/s1600/mouth+fold.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 82px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533973484167156722" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimanfNkB9Yzlx50I4AWlV50Q1RbM6HEtoU7TxZbubUppcWGJUIyr7vuWGmgFqQKoRn0Ww0eLHxyNxJNgqL_KzEvE_24zsAlbWnTc0SuhWxWIQ882x4yLhD8WLIe5hNXAn85FeI/s320/mouth+fold.JPG" /></a><br /><li>Mouth mechanism. It's the simplest folding technique to form a mechanism that unfolds when the card is closed.</li><br /><br /><br /><li>Push and Pull (Slide mechanisms). As the name suggest this means that you cut two areas in the back of the book and slide a piece of paper through the gap. From there you can push or pull the m<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs4dgAIldmhTYZZAjnG8uSQzN0Oa1uw33vU19553kV2gUha_xoY_Iq36ov9_OUh8_Kz-2_28ukzvZZYHW2OiNy31gW0WPI8g-GCwmE7fX4315hfiqIMoyl-lz4mY3zOJS0BwYk/s1600/V+fold2.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533969383539150594" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs4dgAIldmhTYZZAjnG8uSQzN0Oa1uw33vU19553kV2gUha_xoY_Iq36ov9_OUh8_Kz-2_28ukzvZZYHW2OiNy31gW0WPI8g-GCwmE7fX4315hfiqIMoyl-lz4mY3zOJS0BwYk/s320/V+fold2.JPG" /></a>echanism.<br /></li></ul><li>V Fold. A piece of card or paper will be cut in such a way that it can be stuck to both sides of the paper. When the book is closed these two folds will be up against each other, when opened, the sides pull them enough to make it "pop up".</li><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><ul><li><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjjKdD2NO6CJ5FUx4GobOFGEIPFTpjfXv4vhlskHK2LEwglbkQJEsEwPFzufwTJDvHVo9VZe7hq8w3WfNkqy1m-vWinXIwd3yh6bR45XPpvRxMrITzjZmVoQwRiZWqRAPW2mRa/s1600/Box+card2.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 200px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 149px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533970719789287842" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjjKdD2NO6CJ5FUx4GobOFGEIPFTpjfXv4vhlskHK2LEwglbkQJEsEwPFzufwTJDvHVo9VZe7hq8w3WfNkqy1m-vWinXIwd3yh6bR45XPpvRxMrITzjZmVoQwRiZWqRAPW2mRa/s200/Box+card2.JPG" /></a><br />Box card. Interesting pop up designs can be produced by making two cuts to a backing card and bending the card inwards so that it forms a small stand (inside the card). Drawings or images can be placed on the stand so that when the card is opened the image "pops".</li></ul><br /><br /><br />Some advanced mechanisms include:<br /><br /><br /><br /><ul><br /><li>Volvelles. They are paper constructions with rotating parts. </li><br /><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 170px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533946134934666226" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVj2KQoUgXmPznrrjzBZ8FUsqJ6OLFDg0s-7aHPWYySrJcfqeAngB02RGT81q83NSfRMIgXHAByqBlaixS0TGC_47se3n604g29gWBP2hJiw5yULK1vaH6IpXFq6bzhSq-Xu9Z/s320/Transformation3.JPG" /><br /><br /><br /></ul><p>Transformation. It starts with a scene made up of vertical slats. Pulling a tab on the side makes the slats slide under and over one another to "transform" into a totally different scene.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p><p><br /><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 197px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533950757967282770" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEHADpNQVUThMVbWPz7zGuW-KKCzmfJxeTUE4rGRgEAAmRbdZInwpltFMD9nSiLZGvpppFZvkNUxtSUATjx-qK-Yech7ImLCmg109CHxpJMeoD1vPZDXPD-BosvZ0wPbUfcpc0/s200/peepshow+book.gif" /></p><div><br /></div><li>Tunnel (also called peepshow books). It consists of a set of pages bound with two strips folded in a concertina manner on each side. The pages are then viewed through a die-cut hole on the cover and the effect is like you are looking through a tunnel. Openings in each page allow the viewer to see through the entire book and images on each page work together to create a three-dimensional scene inside.</li><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><li>Pop-out. The most commom type of pop-up is the pop-out. With this method the pages open fully and a 3D model appears miraculously in the middle of the page.</li><div><br /></div><li>Sound and optical illusions which besides paper are made of wood, different types of plastic and rubber, metal and electronic chips depending on when they are produced.</li><div><br /></div><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPtCrCog68n5HfkY5GHB-Z2Azvk3I1BoqLC5s6lytIzlrgXvqsLX21eb51OZ9oEX1kfaImRhgkpssWqkVvPVOmD2J3ibhFkGZUpLbEc8hKFbLeRRPk_TNnPIjGiRSeYtPGp6la/s1600/pop-up-alice2.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 288px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 185px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533953035825223362" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPtCrCog68n5HfkY5GHB-Z2Azvk3I1BoqLC5s6lytIzlrgXvqsLX21eb51OZ9oEX1kfaImRhgkpssWqkVvPVOmD2J3ibhFkGZUpLbEc8hKFbLeRRPk_TNnPIjGiRSeYtPGp6la/s320/pop-up-alice2.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><li>The extreme pop-up. An extreme pop-up is where various different types of pop up mechanisms are used withing one page to create a big desired effect (Alice in Wonderland by Robert Sabuda)</li><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br />Using all these mechanisms it's easy to imagine that the most commom problems with pop up books is to survive children's hands and handling. Other problems are mechanical damages with the consequences that the construction either do not work properly or do not work at all.</div><div><br /></div><div align="center"><br />HISTORY OF POP-UP BOOKS</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p align="left">Although today pop-up books are often found in the children's book section, the earliest movable books were tools to educate and document information, such as a calendar, the moon's movements, or the inner workings of the human heart.</p><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3jYqL0210mUdDGSN4tQY7WyeWdRtt_zyqhHD5L6jLm4emwHoHW21TxZ5Svi2kwqaTpSZcdR36IPF0FsoU6OqjCk_L630wcNEk0qhG98aHcHD-6pWlQgQ4t84TFKDcz1bXgtGW/s1600/pop-up-volvelle.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 174px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533971592817779314" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3jYqL0210mUdDGSN4tQY7WyeWdRtt_zyqhHD5L6jLm4emwHoHW21TxZ5Svi2kwqaTpSZcdR36IPF0FsoU6OqjCk_L630wcNEk0qhG98aHcHD-6pWlQgQ4t84TFKDcz1bXgtGW/s200/pop-up-volvelle.jpg" /></a><br /></div><div><br /></div><p align="left">The first mechanical book dates back to the 13th century when a Catalan poet Ramón Llull used a revolving disc or volvelle to illustrate his theories.</p><div><br /></div><p align="left">By the 14th century, scholars were using paper flaps to superimpose layers of the human body into detailed books about human anatomy. After this, there was little technical development in paper engineering until late 18th century when these techniques were applied to books designed for entertainment, particularly for children.</p><div><br /></div><div>The first Golden Age of pop-ups began with the "History of Little Fanny" by S.J. Fuller, 1810. A paper doll book with movable paper clothes. The Company Dean & Sons marketed about 50 different titles of movable and pop-up books between 1850s and 1900.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Industrial Revolution is underway creating a leisure class with money to spend on expensive books and the time to read them to their children.</div><div><br /></div><div>The best known publishers through the turn of the 19th century were: Ernest Nister and Raphael Tuck in England and Germany, Dean & Son in England and McLoughin in USA. The printing for most of these books was done in Germany where the chromolithography was best.</div><div><br /></div><div>The paper engineer considered the "Genius" of this Golden Age was Lothar Meggendorfer, the Munich artist, prolific, humorous and inventive. He wasn't satisfied with only one action on each page, he often had five parts of the illustration moving simultaneously in different direction with highly ingenius and complicated mechanisms.</div><div><br /></div><div>The First World War brought to an end this Golden Era and few movable books were produced. It became difficult to gather the manpower required as they were hand-assembled and labor-intensive. The demand for "frivolous" pastimes decreased as well. </div><div><br /></div><div>It would be over 50 years before these inventive books would again be in demand and published in large numbers.</div><div><br /></div><div>During the inter-war years, S. Louis Giraud in Britain begins publishing books with true pop-ups, activated by turning the page. The series, "The Daily Express", was followed by the "Bookano books". In the USA, "Blue Ribbon" animated Walt Disney characters and traditional fairy tales with pop-ups. It was Blue Ribbon that coined the term, "pop-up" and used it in their titles.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Second World War presented another interruption to the development of the pop-up. In the 1950s Vojtech Kubasta begins making pop up books in Prague, Czechoslovakia.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Second Golden Age of pop ups starts in the 1960s with Waldo Hunt who sees the work of Kubasta and inspired by them begins to produce his own pop up books. </div><div><br /></div><div>The beginning of the "New Wave" of pop up books began with the revolutionary "Haunted House" by Jan Pienkowski. Readers were enraptured by the book and it was a runaway success.</div><div><br /></div><div>With the market firmly established for pop-ups, there was an explosion in the number of publishers producing pop up books. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 227px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 288px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5533967730315740386" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz5HWvPZn8iULH88qNdlh4TVWZ0eSJyz6RWSPTTHMtKd1HuTzc6IXruAk87azKvvKeclthq8NKw64e7uKbIffnwOyRoGpbZDBJJ4g4iUxY9KzDVgU6PT-rLWVMNYu9U4O89VSG/s320/pop-up-abc3d.jpg" /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br />As I mentioned in my previous post, there are excellent contemporary paper engineers such as David Hawcock, Bruce Foster, Chuck Fischer, David Carter, Marion Bataille, and the pop up masters Robert Sabuda and Matthew Reinhardt exploring new ideas and creating awesome pop up books.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz5HWvPZn8iULH88qNdlh4TVWZ0eSJyz6RWSPTTHMtKd1HuTzc6IXruAk87azKvvKeclthq8NKw64e7uKbIffnwOyRoGpbZDBJJ4g4iUxY9KzDVgU6PT-rLWVMNYu9U4O89VSG/s1600/pop-up-abc3d.jpg"></a></p><div><br /></div><div></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-31088953375855133252010-10-03T11:13:00.000-07:002010-10-04T10:46:23.787-07:00Pop up books<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC_DVn79Oxr7lwy3fPST6PZYhdgrz0M1-Ayhkki0evDu_UYsr1OAjV5kiMBI1gB532xG2Jlrx0s9xpBQzV5IP-lXK_paRoPsDy7f3yEfCcfmmYND_GniGZJU-tKRi1Oj5zS1fA/s1600/Sabuda_Robert_Alice_popup001.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 245px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5523903120112374722" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC_DVn79Oxr7lwy3fPST6PZYhdgrz0M1-Ayhkki0evDu_UYsr1OAjV5kiMBI1gB532xG2Jlrx0s9xpBQzV5IP-lXK_paRoPsDy7f3yEfCcfmmYND_GniGZJU-tKRi1Oj5zS1fA/s320/Sabuda_Robert_Alice_popup001.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><div>Who can resist the allure of <a href="http://sites.google.com/site/newbitsandbobs/home"><span style="font-size:130%;color:#000000;">pop-up books</span></a>?</div><br /><br /><br /><div>They are fascinating, amazing books which appeal and delight to children and grown-ups alike. There is something very satisfying and magical about being able to touch, manipulate and interact with the illustrations which makes the reading experience much more enjoyable.</div><br /><br /><br /><div>The epithet "pop up" is applied to any book that contains three-dimensional paper pictures or any mechanical or movable elements such as flaps or pull-tabs made of paper, they unfold and rise above the level of the page to our surprise and delight. Through the use of rivets, flaps, tabs, folds and cut paper, these books perform before our eyes. Each page becomes a stage inviting action and participation.</div><br /><br /><br /><div>They look like ordinary books but these "magical" books conceal withing their two dimensional covers magnificent structures and many different complicated mechanisms that can leave us in awe at the precision and power of paper engineering, as the design and creation of such books is called.</div><br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5523903980673310962" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Z0NdzDh2sZVgkQTtUZndV2oUm5h9f03dUGLs6h0YFXKW9ebBLVOvn5MubxDtlnngf-0_594LTG7xSRfkYkCzYuhwZmh8lO2zaupG82z5_7HsYlMNJIDL6vvVwq-PC5hxLzG2/s320/oz.jpg" /><br /><div>Ingenious pop-up images bring graphics to life and always introduce an element of surprise. A successful pop up design is the result of the image, message and mechanisms all working together effectively. Pop-ups vary inmensely in terms of sophistication and complexity but even the most basic card with a single, simple mechanism can produce interesting effects, have a lot of visual impact and make us smile.<br /><br /><br /><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwZhx3h1zH0JmrjvlMYBSEBFO-_tpkQQTOi9HsGAtDNZ5iLxT7SWFUcjqqM2k3h2enb6rEdf8fd9ms' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><br /><br /><p>Pop up books are still hand-assembled after the sheets have been printed and die-cut. Their publication involves the skill of a number of individuals. Publishers and packagers are continually seeking the least costly labor forces , so modern pop-up books are manufactured by a very few specialist factories in Colombia, China and Thailand.<br /></p><p>Nowadays there are many fine paper engineers exploring new ideas and ways of making breathtaking pop up books. I would highlight: David Hawcock, Bruce Foster, Chuck Fischer, David Carter, and for me the two "geniuses" pop-up masters Robert Sabuda and Matthew Reinhart.</p><br /><br /><br /><p>I will give a list of my favourite pop up books:</p><p>"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" by Robert Sabuda</p><p>"Alice in Wonderland" by Robert Sabuda<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr-27KDHCypLoTezSOLyOKP6ym9SmHPIqaePeCo0OHBw72kudGtc5puZby6aZvF4ZqbbgQZky4QgMM0Ar5AXkt_BfqwlrhbMoA3t3CpDgaAjcOUSFF6hF8b3efkuipVuoN3Xd-/s1600/Star%2520Wars200.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 200px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 180px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5523903396857638482" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr-27KDHCypLoTezSOLyOKP6ym9SmHPIqaePeCo0OHBw72kudGtc5puZby6aZvF4ZqbbgQZky4QgMM0Ar5AXkt_BfqwlrhbMoA3t3CpDgaAjcOUSFF6hF8b3efkuipVuoN3Xd-/s320/Star%2520Wars200.jpg" /></a><br /></p><p>"Star Wars" by Matthew Reinhart </p><p>"Cinderella" by Matthew Reinhart</p><p>"Encyclopedia Prehistorica" by Sabuda and Reinhart</p><p>All these works by Sabuda and Reinhart are meticulously crafted with intrincate pop-ups and fold-outs that explode right out of the page and they are very cleverly engineered creating awesome pop-up books.</p><br /><br /><br /><p>"One Red dot"</p><p>"Blue 2"</p><p>"600 Black Spots"</p><p>"Yellow Square"</p><p>"White noise"<br /></p><p>All these excellent and brilliant works by David Carter.</p><br /><br /><br /><p>"Boticelli's Bed and Breakfast" by Jan Pienkowski.<br /></p><p>This book is meant to be opened up completely and tied end to end to reveal a 360 degree view of all the rooms.</p><br /><br /><br /><p>"ABC 3D" by Marion Bataille<br /></p><p>French graphic artist. She takes the alphabet to a sophisticated, three dimensional level. Prepare to be amazed. Each of the 26 three-dimensional letters move and change before your eyes.</p><br /><br /><p>Through the years, the craftsmanship behind the creation of these books has grown more creative and complex and people are now no longer buying the books just for their children. Pop-ups are now being bought by adults for themselves, as works of art and collectibles.<br /></p><p>As you can see I am a lover of the magic of pop-ups, I appreciate them and the hard work that goes into creating interactive, pop-up books. I can't remember when my love for pop-ups began. As a child I was fascinated with Christmas pop-up cards relatives sent to us and I think I've kept this passion for them from those days.</p><p>Pop ups and movable books are must haves for any library.<br /><br /></p><p>(My next post will be about the techniques used to create pop-ups and a brief history of these books) You can download some books about pop ups<span style="color:#000000;"> </span><a href="http://sites.google.com/site/newbitsandbobs/home"><span style="font-size:130%;color:#000000;">here</span>.</a></p><br /><br /><br /><p></p><br /><br /><br /><p></p>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-19682756950120953432010-09-03T09:02:00.000-07:002010-09-04T02:29:32.174-07:00"Piano Man". Billy Joel<p></p><p>I've been humming "Piano Man" tune again and again lately. I love this song and it can get stuck in my head and it just won't quit. No matter what I do, this song won't leave me alone, it seems this song left me forever an emotional imprint on my heart.</p><p>It's obviously a great son by Billy Joel, a beautiful nostalgic song for me. It makes me feel with a happy sadness.</p><p></p><p>A bar pianist tells us about the regular people at the bar: an old man, John the barman, the waitress, businessmen, Paul the novelist and Davy a US Navy sailor. Their dreams have not come true and the pianist tries to help them "forget life for a while".</p><p>I enjoy every verse of this amazing song starting with a jazzy piano line moving into its famous piano/harmonica tune.</p><p>"There is an old man sitting next to me</p><p>Makin' love to his tonic and gin</p><p>He says, "Son, can you play me a memory</p><p>I'm not really sure how it goes</p><p>But it's sad and it's sweet and I knew it for complete</p><p>When I wore a younger man's clothes,"</p><p>This verse makes my eyes sting and become watery.</p><p>"They're sharing a drink they call loneliness</p><p>But it's better than drinkin' alone" This is simply an awesome line</p><p>The chorus is a singalong tune which comes from the bar customers who plead "Sing us a song you're the piano man </p><p>sing us a song tonight </p><p>well we're all in the mood for a melody</p><p>and you got us all feeling all right"</p><p></p><p>Enjoy this version of the song with Elton John and Billy Joel.</p><p></p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxmnOAxKOTdgCZZXKhDz4JE1YcK38skDLhV7rj9fsf4EwkNpYTqjy7sV3vdKA9OE6maWiFrj4-U7u4' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><div style="MARGIN-LEFT: -5px" width="170px"><embed height="300" name="6Lyrics.com Widget" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" width="170" src="http://www.6lyrics.com/mods/singitnew.swf" flashvars="lyricid=piano_man_unreleased_version&iurl=http://www.6lyrics.com/images/scroll/billy_joel.jpg&fo=65&s=31" quality="high" scale="exactfit" wmode="transparent" allowscriptaccess="sameDomain" allowfullscreen="true"></embed><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;"><a title="Piano Man (Unreleased Version) by Billy Joel on 6Lyrics.com" href="http://www.6lyrics.com/music/billy_joel/lyrics/piano_man_unreleased_version.aspx" target="_blank">Billy Joel</a> widget by <a title="Top Artists, Albums, Mp3 Downloads & Lyrics on 6Lyrics" href="http://www.6lyrics.com/" target="_blank">6L</a> & </span></div>This could be the literal Spanish translation for the sung song: <p></p><p>Son la nueve en punto de un sábado</p><p>El público regular va llegando</p><p>Hay un viejo sentado a mi lado</p><p>Haciéndole el amor a su Gin-Tonic</p><p>Dice, "Hijo, ¿puedes tocarme una vieja canción?</p><p>No estoy realmente seguro cómo es</p><p>Pero es triste y dulce y me la sabía por completo</p><p>Cuando usaba la ropa de un hombre joven.</p><p></p><p>La, la, la Di, Dee Da</p><p>La, Da Di Dee Da Da Dum</p><p>Cántanos una canción, tu eres el pianista</p><p>Cántanos una canción esta noche</p><p>Bien, estamos todos de humor para una melodía</p><p>y nos hace sentir bien.</p><p></p><p>Ahora John el de la barra es un amigo mio</p><p>Me da mis bebidas gratis</p><p>Y es rápido con las bromas o para encender un cigarro</p><p>Pero hay otro lugar donde quisiera estar</p><p>Dice, "Bill creo que esto me está matando"</p><p>Mientras la sonrisa desaparece de su cara</p><p>Bien estoy seguro que podría ser una estrella de cine</p><p>si pudiera salir de este lugar</p><p>La la...</p><p>La Da...</p><p>Ahora Paul es un novelista</p><p>Que nunca tuvo tiempo para una esposa</p><p>y habla con Davy que sigue en la Marina</p><p>y probablemente sea así de por vida.</p><p>Y la camarera practica su política</p><p>Mientras los hombres de negocios se embriagan lentamente</p><p>Sí, están compartiendo unos tragos que les llaman Soledad</p><p>Pero es mejor que beber solo.</p><p></p><p>Cántanos una canción...</p><p></p><p>Es un buen público para un sábado</p><p>Y el gerente me sonríe</p><p>porque sabe que es a mi a quien vienen a ver</p><p>Para olvidarse de la vida por un momento.</p><p>Y el piano suena como un carnaval</p><p>Y el micrófono huele como una cerveza</p><p>Y se sientan en el bar y ponen propinas en mi jarra</p><p>Y dicen "Hombre ¿Qué haces tu aquí?</p><p>La, la...</p><p>La Da...</p><p>Cántanos una canción... </p>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-70893459992348170802010-07-30T00:22:00.001-07:002010-07-30T03:46:26.585-07:00Gustav Klimt<div><br /><div><div><div><div><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrtczf9jW7pg4wO20J2VX9SMzPtMom1TZDNsphQ7gAG0tRw-YZx-kSXtkSm9WjlVj2NtUc1e_96Q9QVE4_BCqqf0psBQ2pIe82gvoHbz8Xbhl70Knec6m3hkghrGo1yfYRcM3y/s1600/220px-Gustavklimt.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 220px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 312px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499596693174445698" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrtczf9jW7pg4wO20J2VX9SMzPtMom1TZDNsphQ7gAG0tRw-YZx-kSXtkSm9WjlVj2NtUc1e_96Q9QVE4_BCqqf0psBQ2pIe82gvoHbz8Xbhl70Knec6m3hkghrGo1yfYRcM3y/s320/220px-Gustavklimt.jpg" /></a><br /><br /></div><div>The Austrian painter and illustrator <strong>Gustav Klimt </strong>(1862 - 1918) is undoubtedly the most remarkable artist who has emerged from the turn-of-the century Vienna. Klimt's work exemplifies the encounter between the old art of the previous century and the new art of the 20th century.<br /></div><br /><br /><div>He dominated the art scene in this capital of the empire of Austo-Hungary. It was the Vienna of Sigmund Freud, Gustav Mahler, Arnold Schönberg and Stefan Zweig, the Vienna of the great waltzes, admired all over the world for its artistic and cultural quality and diversity.</div><br /><div><br /><br /> </div><div>At the age of fourteen he entered the public School of Arts and Crafts of Vienna. For seven years he learned the most diverse techniques, fom mosaics to fresco. Klimt received his first commissions while studying there, works for theatres, churches and museums ordered by several patrons.<br /></div><br /><div>From 1886 to 1892, he executed mural decorations for staircases at the Burgtheater and the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.<br /><br /><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk5dkUTCrygIpJNbRMpcTd23Z4kIaR_ENLFBUERUmdRIma1kkKsuwa448ADTXc12EbA8hDrKeaFODqbCnPAwdvJ8fvDLqqIJFkHUsT-1YuXztw-_FD8SRh0cZ79aM7O91yT783/s1600/El+arbol+de+la+vida.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 173px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499644919702389842" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk5dkUTCrygIpJNbRMpcTd23Z4kIaR_ENLFBUERUmdRIma1kkKsuwa448ADTXc12EbA8hDrKeaFODqbCnPAwdvJ8fvDLqqIJFkHUsT-1YuXztw-_FD8SRh0cZ79aM7O91yT783/s320/El+arbol+de+la+vida.JPG" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><div><br /> </div><div><span style="font-size:78%;">The tree of life</span><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div>In 1892 Klimt and Match were commissioned by the Ministry of Culture and Education to decorate the ceiling of the Great Hall of the new University of Vienna. The sensualism and originality of the allegories "Philosophy", "Medicine" and "Jurisprudence" led to a hostile reaction, provoked widespread controversy and scandals. He was incriminated for "pornography"and "excessive perversion". He never accepted a public commission again.</div><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDihlWQSDLdV1ikHgtgbW7FhA1eas0BuPbOdkLE4eZHqL7RH905DsWB0tXQWGFVZxf-i85eRvkTu-qmbcdcEIMqP34RNCYuhKC5wiYzx4xiQzbshiNC9-HOpZD6GgUsOfXDalc/s1600/Three+Ages+of+Woman.bmp"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 237px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 266px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499647178065234226" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDihlWQSDLdV1ikHgtgbW7FhA1eas0BuPbOdkLE4eZHqL7RH905DsWB0tXQWGFVZxf-i85eRvkTu-qmbcdcEIMqP34RNCYuhKC5wiYzx4xiQzbshiNC9-HOpZD6GgUsOfXDalc/s320/Three+Ages+of+Woman.bmp" /></a><br /><br /><div><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">Three ages of woman<br /></span></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div>At 35 he was one of the founders of the association of Austrian Visual Artists, widely known as the Secession which had three main aims: provide to young artists with regular opportunities to exhibit their work; to bring to Vienna the best foreign artists and to publish its own monthly magazine, "Ver Sacrum". He withdrew eight years later dismayed by the increasingly strong trend towards naturalism.</div><br /><br /><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvVLHz_ALfEj2GPjf68rT_JDrRHWAX-Lpuj51tUe_Rq26aoMEaiwh09boxnZ7GGSjE-wFTYHyLP10znMyfxnjntg-UhUO-eqzM69AAd1AGvIgHJK9RQFavFss0tU7O-mGGgMh0/s1600/Water+Snakes+II.bmp"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 174px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499645283785993266" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvVLHz_ALfEj2GPjf68rT_JDrRHWAX-Lpuj51tUe_Rq26aoMEaiwh09boxnZ7GGSjE-wFTYHyLP10znMyfxnjntg-UhUO-eqzM69AAd1AGvIgHJK9RQFavFss0tU7O-mGGgMh0/s320/Water+Snakes+II.bmp" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:78%;"> Water Snakes II</span><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div>The primal forces of sexuality, regeneration, love and death form the dominant themes of Klimt's work. His paintings constitute a sublime frontier between traditional and modern, figurative and non-figurative. His immensely erotic portraits and sexually-charged sketches, his figures evoking the gold ground of Byzantine art, his richly patterned landscapes and mysterious allegorical compositions are at once sensous and refined and remain among the most recognized works of art in the world. Today we see in these works the Byzantine luxuriance of form and the vivid juxtaposition of colours derived from the Austrian rococo.<br /><br /></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOIuFy8ctuaXBK5PQKluHDgTZvrG83O45zRWxq0KvdG_FSXHlfVMrEyDjSgTogJNsvQv6LtWkauARhWGivDeA7WJOhBITSPRaLZHFx6LgDAYh5ukM-EtHUqga0JMVs3wIpmIub/s1600/The+Kiss.bmp"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 232px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 251px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499644227566789746" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOIuFy8ctuaXBK5PQKluHDgTZvrG83O45zRWxq0KvdG_FSXHlfVMrEyDjSgTogJNsvQv6LtWkauARhWGivDeA7WJOhBITSPRaLZHFx6LgDAYh5ukM-EtHUqga0JMVs3wIpmIub/s320/The+Kiss.bmp" /></a>His paintings of "femmes fatales", such as <em>Judith I </em>personify the dark side of sexual attraction. <em>The Kiss, </em>his most known work, celebrates the attraction of the sexes. It's the most important work of his "golden phase". It has been compared to the <em>Mona Lisa, </em>as both exert a similar fascination. The enveloping robe substracts force to the painting's sexual representation, transforming the taboo of the kiss into a version which conquers the public's enthusiasm and the puritanical bourgeoisie's acceptance. <em>Hope I, </em>juxtaposes the promise of new life with the destroying force of death. <em>Danae,</em> a very erotic work depicts the conception of perseus by Zeus.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:78%;">The Kiss</span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"></span></div><br /><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy6nH7IyjlpGnN5B_pxxcY1wFIY9mh3NtCnldlX2ofw9Iflcpyip0EHYATZNvHA1emC-5wLsaKFPQuu8K706AdXdZritM5EBKE5BF3MoE6SbTE1e3jmvmNyC6mCkFWQqdy9zcS/s1600/Alley+in+park.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 227px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 234px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499648260887393186" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy6nH7IyjlpGnN5B_pxxcY1wFIY9mh3NtCnldlX2ofw9Iflcpyip0EHYATZNvHA1emC-5wLsaKFPQuu8K706AdXdZritM5EBKE5BF3MoE6SbTE1e3jmvmNyC6mCkFWQqdy9zcS/s320/Alley+in+park.JPG" /></a><br /></div><div>Klimt also painted landscapes based on the work of the Impresionists, even though he was not interested in time's play of lights and shadows. He found his way to landscape painting late in life, but it was a theme he greatly enjoyed. He did not draw sketches or studies for his landscapes, as he did for his portraits and allegories.</div><br /><br /><div><br /><br /> </div><div>In January 1918, while Klimt was getting dressed, he suffered a stroke which paralysed the right side of his body. Less than a month later, Klimt was struck by pneumonia and died on February 6, 1918.</div></div></div></div></div>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-64754116028164696372010-06-10T22:28:00.000-07:002010-06-14T07:34:19.615-07:00"Children Full of Life". A touching documentary"Children Full of Life" is a series of short profoundly moving documentaries about a fourth-grade class in a primary school in Kanazawa, northwest of Tokio where their homeroom teacher, Toshiro Kanamori, encourages students to write their true inner feelings in a letter and read it aloud in front of the class. Each day, three children read letters to their classmates talking honestly about their feelings and sharing deep, ordinarily inaccessible emotions with the rest of the students. By sharing their lives, the children begin to realize the importance of caring for their classmates and gives them the opportunity to discover the value of sharing powerful emotions.<br />For a whole school year, the camera follows these 10-year-old's students showing how they grow and develop by learning empathy and compassion. They learn about themselves and their friends. Learn to cheer up their mates and to themselves. Learn to be courageous and take responsabilities.<br />Classroom discussions include difficult issues such as the death of a parent or being the victim of bullying. There are great emotive moments in this class. Mr. Kanamori's message in Class One is that their primary goal of the year is to be happy. We only have one life so we have to enjoy it. "We come to school to be happy, so let's all be happy together". This is the vow made by Grade Four students and their teacher Kanamori. The class searches together for ways to understand and cope with troubled relationships, unhappiness and loss of loved ones. Through their daily experiences, we see how they develop together the spirit of co-operation and compassion creating strong bonds between them.<br />An amazing moment is when a child stands up desperately for a friend. I could never imagine a child taking this kind of risk on behalf on another child. I also find it interesting that all the children took collective responsability for one child's actions.<br />I have to admit, I teared up a few times watching it.<br /><br />- To my friend a.c.g.a. He was also such a teacher -<br />(You can see a Spanish subtitled version in Youtube "Pensando en los demás" from the Catalonian tv. The images are not of a good quality but it deserves to be seen.)<br /><br /><p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxG39E9OZEZrNfL_t-_gH5YkAYWeBnc4PakCGbmnSnqVFhtZzw_x4ZwuLweZh0hjVb931NsTTGZbuU' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></p><p></p><p></p><p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxL7KooFCJVZnG0kG5rdvua-N8Y7H5fhFi5ygZWDq5qoBcxcBACzSMO5IeQ5dWPwc34JoaEdXj8wl8' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></p><p></p><p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyvdCWeO0CZgTxnVsbrsVz33_hlafdNQJwf7RC7jH0I4m08H0wKcbGdZ4-SviSyVFSqwxWKleXO7mg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></p><p></p><p></p><p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxfSe2Jvp6EASzc57KRfSiHmIc58O5aG1d9tFcS-_Bmti9P3NipP_-13G148eW4Yp8P7Tiq1ZoqWxE' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></p><p></p><p></p><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwnFeqbwjMOnFThE5_UbI-Hqgbrdk9-3ruYmbIN1rQrDpssrMDuB1H5dm3RiJR6xN2FHHgaRJk9cpw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-82362443763679650152010-06-06T11:22:00.000-07:002010-06-06T11:32:21.236-07:00Rafa Nadal. Bravo!!<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAv79Mz7uiE7c74QmvLsQhG4LLTAiVDSwQwxm1mz3xC6t4YPDcqdHB3GhoB_wowa0hMxAOvQjvfRyyovn28FDSpZoGrheYfqG5bQ6yZ0YxobH2FjVbANcnvrJcqnXOapWBSXqx/s1600/Rafa+Nadal+combinado.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 381px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5479728817854208018" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAv79Mz7uiE7c74QmvLsQhG4LLTAiVDSwQwxm1mz3xC6t4YPDcqdHB3GhoB_wowa0hMxAOvQjvfRyyovn28FDSpZoGrheYfqG5bQ6yZ0YxobH2FjVbANcnvrJcqnXOapWBSXqx/s400/Rafa+Nadal+combinado.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br />Congrats Rafa!<br /><br />Rafael Nadal has won his fifth French Open tournament without losing a set and regain the world number one ranking.<br />It's moving the way he sobbed like a baby, crying tears of joy. I love this boy, this tennis player, the only sportsman I am really interested in.<br />And now, Go Rafa Go! Regain Wimbledon!<br /><br />Good luck!!isabelgghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15851730323309309599noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11209993.post-8970881491541452062010-06-05T09:57:00.000-07:002010-06-06T03:52:04.299-07:00MLK's Quotes<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEquixTTNmCLihfVyVDSLHvGxzOaNn-l9jHBRxZ4z1PerO1QXOIPy5cVrB-wjoSh5KXBbZWuX16-Zg8fK4xctT4ioMMejwC3IO7_kaHx0haFXa7rfpL8unqgzmGASlxOvlmdbz/s1600/Martin+Luther+King.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 309px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5479335184108965266" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEquixTTNmCLihfVyVDSLHvGxzOaNn-l9jHBRxZ4z1PerO1QXOIPy5cVrB-wjoSh5KXBbZWuX16-Zg8fK4xctT4ioMMejwC3IO7_kaHx0haFXa7rfpL8unqgzmGASlxOvlmdbz/s400/Martin+Luther+King.jpg" /></a><br /><div></div><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-o3bnjdsel2oB8tJrb2mno-oJePPRrgat3Ny6BtN5kLyiCbURo1ZeiUSgPixvu62vxLC1whJTl3DThCJjAMjxPSaeuJAwDfP1zasG6U4HFSnMxP4MQuQZ3Q9I5YGeLCn-F20l/s1600/Martin+Luther+King2.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 309px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5479337199478111378" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-o3bnjdsel2oB8tJrb2mno-oJePPRrgat3Ny6BtN5kLyiCbURo1ZeiUSgPixvu62vxLC1whJTl3DThCJjAMjxPSaeuJAwDfP1zasG6U4HFSnMxP4MQuQZ3Q9I5YGeLCn-F20l/s400/Martin+Luther+King2.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-DDZThXZZ6Gfjyq_l-vq8nTZ6Gu9ReMA4sLTBG0SqyVf8PBYFegXjWYIWo4Py47st0i6lZwcR-y4s9ZeUohmEboHNlylhoiDR9yKZB5Ls5gNSk8T6iPWHo4WGb6NCECYjhpmP/s1600/Martin+Luther+King3.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 309px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5479337496405380690" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-DDZThXZZ6Gfjyq_l-vq8nTZ6Gu9ReMA4sLTBG0SqyVf8PBYFegXjWYIWo4Py47st0i6lZwcR-y4s9ZeUohmEboHNlylhoiDR9yKZB5Ls5gNSk8T6iPWHo4WGb6NCECYjhpmP/s400/Martin+Luther+King3.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCNz16foH5FdnzkNXwofqHcqB67Rg_V50eDlUAIQ9vnRY4h1zIV7zipvsvtX5itW4KH7-eth8nvYMuiwGe0i_bNBmAhyphenhyphenU6yw2rnaGmul9VsPrkxbrxLgH20ZvgtMu3smm1_o_4/s1600/Martin+Luther+King4.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; 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